A client is admitted to the emergency room with renal calculi. Upon assessment, which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Bradycardia

Bradypnea

Severe pain

Nocturia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate, is not a common finding associated with renal calculi. Renal calculi, or kidney stones, typically cause symptoms related to the urinary system rather than directly affecting the heart rate.

Choice B reason: Bradypnea, or abnormally slow breathing, is also not a typical symptom of renal calculi. Patients with kidney stones may experience changes in urination patterns, such as frequency or urgency, but not typically changes in respiratory rate.

Choice C reason: Severe pain is indeed the most common symptom associated with renal calculi. This pain, known as renal colic, is often sudden in onset, very severe, and may radiate from the back down to the lower abdomen or groin. The pain is caused by the stone moving into the ureter and causing a blockage, which leads to increased pressure and stretching of the kidney or ureter. Renal calculi can cause a range of symptoms, with severe pain being the most prominent and often the first symptom that leads individuals to seek medical care. The pain is typically very intense and can be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and hematuria (blood in the urine).

Choice D reason: Nocturia, or frequent urination at night, can be a symptom of renal calculi, especially if the stones affect the bladder or cause urinary tract infections. However, the most characteristic symptom of renal calculi is severe pain, not necessarily nocturia.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Tenderness in the left upper abdomen is not typically associated with an obstruction of the common bile duct. This symptom is more commonly related to conditions affecting the stomach, pancreas, or spleen. The common bile duct is in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, and tenderness in this area might be expected with its obstruction.

Choice B reason: Ecchymosis of the extremities is not a common finding in common bile duct obstruction. Ecchymosis, or bruising, is usually due to trauma, blood disorders, or other causes of fragile blood vessels and is not related to bile duct issues.

Choice C reason: Pale-colored urine is the opposite of what might be expected with common bile duct obstruction. Typically, the urine may become dark due to increased bilirubin levels that are excreted by the kidneys when the bile duct is obstructed.

Choice D reason: Fatty stools, or steatorrhea, are a classic finding in common bile duct obstruction. When bile flow is blocked, fats are not properly digested and absorbed, leading to stools that are bulky, greasy, and often have a foul odor. This occurs because bile is necessary for the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats in the intestine.

A. Administer antiemetics as needed. B. Administer analgesics as needed. C. NPO (nothing by mouth) until pain-free. D. Monitor blood glucose and provide insulin as needed. E. Side-lying or fetal position. F. Monitor hydration status.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","F"]

Explanation

Choice A: Administer antiemetics as needed Reason: Acute pancreatitis often causes severe nausea and vomiting. Antiemetics are administered to control these symptoms and prevent further complications such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Choice B: Administer analgesics as needed Reason: Pain management is a crucial part of the treatment for acute pancreatitis. The condition can cause severe abdominal pain, and analgesics are administered to provide relief.

Choice C: NPO (nothing by mouth) until pain-free Reason: The goal in treating acute pancreatitis is to allow the pancreas to rest and recover from the inflammation3. Keeping the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) helps achieve this by reducing the stimulation and workload of the pancreas.

Choice D: Monitor blood glucose and provide insulin as needed Reason: Acute pancreatitis can affect the pancreas’ ability to produce insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Therefore, monitoring blood glucose levels and administering insulin as needed is an important part of the management plan.

Choice E: Side-lying or fetal position Reason: While the side-lying or fetal position might help some patients with abdominal pain, it is not a standard intervention for acute pancreatitis. Therefore, this option is not correct.

Choice F: Monitor hydration status Reason: Patients with acute pancreatitis are at risk of dehydration due to symptoms like vomiting and decreased oral intake. Monitoring hydration status is crucial to ensure appropriate fluid replacement.

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A client is admitted to the emergency room with renal calculi. Upon assessment, which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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Explanation

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