A nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?

Topical ointment

Sustained-release

Sublingual

Transdermal patch

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A: Topical ointment Topical ointment forms of nitroglycerin are used for their long-acting effects. The medication is absorbed slowly through the skin, providing a steady level of drug in the bloodstream. This form is not designed for rapid relief of acute angina attacks but rather for prevention.

Choice B: Sustained-release Sustained-release forms of nitroglycerin are designed to release the medication slowly over an extended period. This route is also not suitable for treating acute symptoms because it does not provide immediate relief but is used for long-term management of angina pectoris. Nitroglycerin is a medication used primarily to treat angina pectoris (chest pain) and heart failure. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles and dilating the blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the heart and decreases its workload. The route of administration can significantly affect the onset and duration of the medication’s action.

Choice C: Sublingual The sublingual route, where the medication is placed under the tongue, allows for rapid absorption into the bloodstream through the rich supply of blood vessels found in the area. This form of nitroglycerin acts quickly, usually within 1 to 3 minutes, and is the preferred choice for immediate relief of angina pain. When rapid onset is required for relief from acute angina symptoms, the sublingual route is the most appropriate choice for administering nitroglycerin. It provides quick absorption and fast action, making it an essential treatment option for patients experiencing chest pain due to angina.

Choice D: Transdermal patch Transdermal patches release nitroglycerin slowly through the skin and into the bloodstream. Like topical ointments and sustained-release forms, they are used for long-term prophylaxis of angina and not for rapid relief.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: A heart murmur is not a common finding in right-sided heart failure unless there is an associated valvular heart disease.

Choice B reason: Dependent edema is a classic sign of right-sided heart failure due to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, particularly in the lower extremities.

Choice C reason: Chest pain is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure or other cardiac conditions such as angina.

Choice D reason: Crackles in the lungs are typically found in left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion, not right-sided heart failure.

A. Test the drainage for the halo sign. B. Ask the client to blow his nose. C. Notify the physician. D. Suction the nostril.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:Testing the drainage for the halo sign is the first action the nurse should take, as clear drainage from the nose following a basal skull fracture could indicate a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, which contains glucose.

Choice B reason:Asking the client to blow his nose could potentially increase the risk of infection or worsen a CSF leak and is not recommended as a first action.

Choice C reason:While notifying the physician is important, it should be done after confirming whether the drainage is CSF, which would require immediate medical intervention.

Choice D reason:Suctioning the nostril is not the first action to take, as it could potentially disrupt the site of the leak and is not diagnostic of a CSF leak.

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A nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration provides the most rapid onset for the client?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has right-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who sustained a basal skull fracture and notes a thin stream of clear drainage coming from the client's right nostril. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has an obstruction of the common bile duct resulting from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A client is admitted to the emergency room with renal calculi. Upon assessment, which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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