The nurse is caring for a client who has a small bowel obstruction. When teaching the student nurse about this condition, the nurse will include which of the following findings that are consistent with the diagnosis? (Select all that apply).

Choice A reason:Lower extremity edema is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure, as it indicates systemic fluid congestion.

Choice B reason:Crackles in lung bases are expected in left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion from fluid backing up into the lungs².

Choice C reason:Jugular vein distention is typically a sign of right-sided heart failure, reflecting increased central venous pressure.

Choice D reason:Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, is generally associated with right-sided heart failure or liver disease, not specifically left-sided heart failure.

Choice A reason: Hematemesis Hematemesis, or vomiting blood, is a serious symptom that usually indicates bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract. This could be due to a severe peptic ulcer, among other conditions1. The blood may appear red or black, and the condition can cause a person to go into hypovolemic shock, which can lead to organ failure and death if not treated immediately. Therefore, hematemesis should be identified as the priority symptom in this case. While all these symptoms can be associated with peptic ulcer disease, hematemesis is the most serious and should be prioritized due to the risk of significant blood loss and potential for hypovolemic shock.

Choice B reason: Abdominal bloating Abdominal bloating is a symptom that can be caused by various conditions, including indigestion, overeating, and certain medical conditions. While it can be uncomfortable, it is generally not as immediately life-threatening as hematemesis.

Choice C reason: Epigastric discomfort Epigastric discomfort refers to pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, below the ribs. It can be caused by conditions such as acid reflux, GERD, overeating, lactose intolerance, and others. While it can be a symptom of a peptic ulcer, it is not typically as urgent as hematemesis.

Choice D reason: Dyspepsia Dyspepsia, also known as indigestion, can cause symptoms such as bloating, heartburn, and feeling full too quickly8910. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including certain foods, overeating, and medical conditions like GERD. While it can be a symptom of a peptic ulcer, it is generally not as immediately life-threatening as hematemesis.