A nurse is preparing an in-service about communication for a group of staff nurses.
Which of the following information should the nurse include when discussing the electronic mode of communication?

Choice A rationale:

Abstract thinking develops during the formal operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory. This stage typically occurs in adolescence and beyond. During this stage, individuals can think abstractly, solve complex problems, and reason about hypothetical situations. They can also engage in deductive reasoning, which allows them to think logically and systematically.

Choice B rationale:

The concrete operational stage in Piaget's theory, not the formal operational stage, is characterized by the development of logical thinking and operational thought. It typically occurs in children aged 7 to 11 and is marked by the ability to think logically about concrete events and objects.

Choice C rationale:

The sensorimotor stage is the earliest stage in Piaget's theory, occurring in infants from birth to about 2 years old. This stage is characterized by sensory and motor exploration of the environment, and abstract thinking has not yet developed at this stage.

Choice D rationale:

The preoperational stage in Piaget's theory, which typically occurs in children aged 2 to 7, is marked by the development of symbolic thought and language. However, abstract thinking is not a characteristic of this stage.

Step 1: Identify the amount of lidocaine required, which is50 mg.

Step 2: Identify the concentration of available lidocaine, which is200 mg/mL.

Step 3: Calculate the volume of lidocaine to be administered using the formula:

Volume (mL) = Amount (mg) ÷ Concentration (mg/mL)

So, the calculation is:

Volume (mL) = 50 mg ÷ 200 mg/mL = 0.25 mL

Therefore, the nurse should administer0.25 mLof lidocaine per dose. This is the final answer and it is rounded off to the nearest hundredth as required.