A nurse is planning care for a client who reports heartburn. Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate in the client's plan of care?

Upper GI endoscopy

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

Colonoscopy

Lower GI series

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: An upper GI endoscopy is typically performed to evaluate symptoms of persistent heartburn, as it allows direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, which are commonly affected by conditions that cause heartburn.

Choice B reason: Flexible sigmoidoscopy is used to examine the lower part of the colon, which is not typically
associated with symptoms of heartburn.

Choice C reason: A colonoscopy is used to view the entire colon and is not the first choice for investigating heartburn,
as this symptom is not directly related to the colon.

Choice D reason: A lower GI series, or barium enema, is an X-ray examination of the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum. It is not typically used to diagnose conditions that cause heartburn.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Cerebral edema is not typically a manifestation of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can cause neurological symptoms due to its effect on nerve transmission, but cerebral edema is more commonly associated with conditions like traumatic brain injury, stroke, or brain tumors.

Choice B reason: Wheezing is a respiratory symptom and is not directly related to hyperkalemia. It is more commonly associated with respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Choice C reason: Hypoactive bowel sounds may indicate a gastrointestinal issue but are not a specific sign of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can affect smooth muscle contraction and could potentially lead to intestinal motility issues, but this is not a primary manifestation.

Choice D reason: Decreased deep tendon reflexes can be a manifestation of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia affects the neuromuscular junction and can lead to muscle weakness, which may manifest as decreased reflexes. Normal potassium levels in the blood are typically between 3.5 and 5.0 millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Hyperkalemia occurs when potassium levels rise above 5.5 mmol/L.

A. Have the client place their head between their knees. B. Have the client breathe into a paper bag. C. Plan to administer insulin to the client. D. Plan to administer sodium bicarbonate to the client.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Having the client place their head between their knees may help with some causes of hyperventilation, but it is not a standard treatment for respiratory alkalosis.

Choice B reason: Having the client breathe into a paper bag can help to rebreathe exhaled carbon dioxide, which can
help correct the low carbon dioxide levels seen in respiratory alkalosis.

Choice C reason: Insulin is not indicated for respiratory alkalosis as it is used for the management of hyperglycemia, not for correcting acid-base imbalances.

Choice D reason: Sodium bicarbonate is used to treat metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis, and could
exacerbate the alkalosis.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who reports heartburn. Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate in the client's plan of care?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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