A nurse is planning care for a client who has hemiplegia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?

Instruct the client to sit on a rubber ring when seated in a chair.

Raise the head of the client's bed to a 90° angle.

Use moisturizing lotion while massaging the client's bony prominences.

Place pillows between the client's knees when in a side-lying position.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A)   Instructing the client to sit on a rubber ring may provide comfort for those with hemorrhoids or perineal discomfort but is not directly related to managing hemiplegia.
B)   Raising the head of the client's bed to a 90° angle may be uncomfortable and may not address the specific needs related to hemiplegia.
C)   Using moisturizing lotion while massaging the client's bony prominences is important for skin integrity but does not directly address the positioning needs of a client with hemiplegia.
D)   Placing pillows between the client's knees when in a side-lying position helps maintain proper alignment, prevents pressure ulcers, and promotes comfort for the client with hemiplegia.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A) Infusing 0.9% sodium chloride is incorrect as it's not appropriate for TPN administration.
B) Obtaining the client's weight daily helps to monitor nutritional status and adjust TPN accordingly.
C) Monitoring serum blood glucose is essential due to the high glucose content in TPN, which can lead to hyperglycemia.
D) Verifying the solution with another RN prior to infusion is a safety measure to ensure the correct solution and dosage.
E) Increasing the rate of infusion if administration is delayed may lead to complications and is not appropriate without medical orders.

A. Potassium chloride 20 mEq/L intravenous PRN potassium less than 5.0 mEq/L B. Initiate cardiac monitoring C. Regular insulin 20 units subcutaneously D. Regular insulin continuous intravenous infusion, titrate per diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) protocol once potassium is greater than 3.3 mEq/L E. 0.9% sodium chloride at 15 ml/kg/hr for 1 hr and then reduce to 10 ml/kg/hr F. Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) intravenous at 5 ml/kg/hr for 4 hr G. Blood glucose checks every 4 hr H. Monitor urine outputs

Correct Answer is ["D","E","H"]

Explanation

A. This prescription addresses hypokalemia. Potassium chloride is administered intravenously to help normalize potassium levels within the desired range. However, in this case the patient’s potassium is 5.5 hence does not require potassium chloride.

B. The client has mild hyperkalemia; hence, continuous cardiac monitoring is prudent to detect any potential arrhythmias or changes in cardiac status. However, the priority interventions are insulin therapy, hydration, and urinary catheter insertionto monitor input and output.

C. Subcutaneous insulin administration may be appropriate for clients with diabetes mellitus, but in this case, the client's blood glucose level is critically high, and they may be experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which requires rapid correction. Subcutaneous insulin administration would not provide the prompt and aggressive treatment required for DKA.

D. This prescription addresses the client's hyperglycemia and acidosis indicated by the blood glucose level of 468 mg/dL and pH of 7.30, respectively. Continuous intravenous insulin infusion is the standard treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to lower blood glucose levels and correct acidosis.

E. This prescription addresses the client's dehydration indicated by the elevated blood glucose level, decreased blood pressure, and slight tenting of the skin. Intravenous fluid resuscitation with 0.9% sodium chloride is initiated to restore intravascular volume and correct electrolyte imbalances.

F. Administering D5W intravenously is contraindicated in the setting of hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) because it would exacerbate the already elevated blood glucose levels. D5W contains glucose and would further increase blood glucose levels, worsening the client's condition.

G. While monitoring blood glucose levels is important for clients with diabetes, checking it every 4 hours is not sufficient in this scenario, especially given the client's markedly elevated blood glucose level of 468 mg/dL and symptoms suggestive of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Therefore, blood glucose levels should be monitored at least hourly.

H. Monitoring urine output is important in clients with diabetes and dehydration. Therefore, inserting an indwelling urinary catheter is important in this scenario.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has hemiplegia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?

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