A nurse is performing a pre-college physical assessment on an adolescent. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse anticipate administering?
Bacille Calmete-Guérin (BCG) vaccine
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
Influenza vaccine
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because the BCG vaccine is not recommended for adolescents in the United States. The BCG vaccine is a vaccine that protects against tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection that affects the lungs and other organs. It may be used for children who live in countries where TB is common or who have a high risk of exposure to TB, but it is not routinely given in the United States because of the low incidence of TB and the possibility of false-positive results on TB skin tests.
Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is not recommended for adolescents unless they have certain medical conditions. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is a vaccine that protects against pneumococcal disease, a bacterial infection that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis. It may be used for adults who are 65 years or older or who have chronic diseases, immunosuppression, or cochlear implants, but it is not routinely given to adolescents who are healthy.
Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect because the influenza vaccine is recommended for adolescents every year, not just before college. The influenza vaccine is a vaccine that protects against influenza, a viral infection that affects the respiratory system. It may be given as an injection or a nasal spray, and it may prevent or reduce the severity of influenza and its complications. It is recommended for everyone who is 6 months or older, especially those who have a high risk of influenza-related complications.
Choice D reason: This choice is correct because the meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for adolescents before college. The meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is a vaccine that protects against meningococcal disease, a bacterial infection that can cause meningitis, septicemia, or death. It may be given as a single dose or a booster dose, and it may prevent outbreaks of meningococcal disease in crowded settings such as dormitories or military barracks. It is recommended for adolescents who are 11 to 12 years old, with a booster dose at 16 years old, or for those who are entering college and have not been previously vaccinated.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Muscular dystrophy is not an example of a neural tube defect, but rather a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. Muscular dystrophy affects the skeletal muscles that control movement and may also affect the heart, lungs, or other organs. Muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins that protect muscle fibers from damage.
Choice B: Spina bifida is an example of a neural tube defect, which is a birth defect that occurs when the neural tube, which is the structure that develops into the brain and spinal cord, does not close completely during the first month of pregnancy. Spina bifida causes an opening in the spine that exposes the spinal cord and nerves and may result in physical and mental disabilities. Spina bifida can be prevented by taking folic acid before and during pregnancy.
Choice C: Hydrocephalus is not an example of a neural tube defect, but rather a condition that causes accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. Hydrocephalus can increase the pressure inside the skull and damage the brain tissue and function. Hydrocephalus can be caused by congenital defects, infections, injuries, tumors, or bleeding in the brain.
Choice D: Cerebral palsy is not an example of a neural tube defect, but rather a group of disorders that affect movement, balance, and posture. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the developing brain before, during, or after birth. Cerebral palsy can affect muscle tone, coordination, reflexes, or speech. Cerebral palsy can be caused by infections, injuries, lack of oxygen, or genetic mutations.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Cranberry juice is not a suitable fluid item to offer the child at this time, as it is acidic and can irritate the throat and cause pain or bleeding. Cranberry juice can also stain the surgical site and make it difficult to assess for signs of hemorrhage.
Choice B: Crushed ice is a suitable fluid item to offer the child at this time, as it is cold and can soothe the throat and
reduce swelling or inflammation. Crushed ice can also hydrate the child and prevent dehydration.
Choice C: Orange juice is not a suitable fluid item to offer the child at this time, as it is acidic and can irritate the throat and cause pain or bleeding. Orange juice can also interfere with the clotting process and increase the risk of hemorrhage.
Choice D: A strawberry milkshake is not a suitable fluid item to offer the child at this time, as it contains dairy products and can increase mucus production and cause coughing or gagging. A strawberry milkshake can also stain the surgical site and make it difficult to assess for signs of hemorrhage.
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