A nurse is preparing to administer vaccines to a 1-year-old child. Which of the following vaccines should the nurse give? (Select two)
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
Rotavirus (RV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV4)
Varicella (VAR)
Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP)
Correct Answer : A,D
The correct answer is a. Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and d. Varicella (VAR).
Choice A reason:
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR): The MMR vaccine is recommended for children at 12-15 months of age. It protects against three serious diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. The first dose is typically given at 12-15 months, with a second dose at 4-6 years. Measles can cause severe complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis. Mumps can lead to meningitis and hearing loss, while rubella can cause congenital rubella syndrome in pregnant women. Administering the MMR vaccine at the recommended age ensures that the child is protected from these potentially severe diseases.
Choice B reason:
Rotavirus (RV): This vaccine is given to infants at 2, 4, and possibly 6 months of age. It is not typically administered to a 1-year-old child as the series should be completed by 8 months. Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe diarrhea and dehydration in infants and young children. The vaccine is given orally and is highly effective in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis. However, since the vaccine series is completed by 8 months, it is not appropriate for a 1-year-old child.
Choice C reason:
Human papillomavirus (HPV4): The HPV vaccine is recommended starting at 11-12 years of age. It is not suitable for a 1-year-old child. HPV is a common virus that can lead to certain types of cancers, including cervical cancer. The vaccine is most effective when given before exposure to HPV, which is why it is recommended for preteens. Administering the HPV vaccine to a 1-year-old would not be appropriate as it is not within the recommended age range.
Choice D reason:
Varicella (VAR): The VAR vaccine is recommended for children at 12-15 months of age to protect against chickenpox. A second dose is given at 4-6 years. Chickenpox can cause an itchy rash, fever, and tiredness. In some cases, it can lead to severe skin infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. Vaccinating at the recommended age ensures that the child is protected from these complications. The first dose at 12-15 months is crucial for building immunity against the varicella virus.
Choice E reason:
Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP): The DTaP vaccine is given in a series of five doses at 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months, and 4-6 years. The 4th dose is given at 15-18 months, not at 1 year. DTaP protects against three serious diseases: diphtheria, which can cause breathing problems and heart failure; tetanus, which causes painful muscle stiffness; and pertussis (whooping cough), which can lead to severe coughing spells and pneumonia. The timing of the doses is crucial for ensuring effective immunity, and the 1-year mark is not one of the recommended times for the DTaP vaccine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is a therapeutic response that acknowledges the parent's feelings and provides reassurance that the behavior is normal and temporary. The other responses are either dismissive, judgmental, or self-disclosing, which are not helpful for the parent.
Choice B reason: This is a judgmental response that implies that the parent is overreacting or has unrealistic expectations for their child.
Choice C reason: This is a dismissive response that minimizes the parent's concern and does not offer any support
or information.
Choice D reason: This is a self-disclosing response that shifts the focus from the parent to the nurse and does not
address the issue at hand.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Placing the child on a no-salt-added diet is an important intervention for acute glomerulonephritis, as salt can increase fluid retention and blood pressure. However, this is not the priority action, as it does not address the immediate problem of fluid overload.
Choice B: Maintaining a saline lock is a useful measure for acute glomerulonephritis, as it allows for easy access to administer fluids or medications if needed. However, this is not the priority action, as it does not monitor the fluid status of the child.
Choice C: Educating the parents about potential complications is an essential part of nursing care for acute glomerulonephritis, as it can help them recognize signs of worsening conditions and seek timely medical attention. However, this is not the priority action, as it does not assess the current condition of the child.
Choice D: Checking the child's daily weight is the priority action for acute glomerulonephritis, as it is the most accurate indicator of fluid balance and kidney function. A sudden increase in weight can indicate fluid retention and edema, which can lead to heart failure or pulmonary edema. A decrease in weight can indicate dehydration or diuresis, which can lead to hypovolemia or electrolyte imbalance.
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