A nurse is caring for a child who has pertussis. The child's parent asks the nurse what the common name for this disease is. The nurse should respond with which of the following common names?

Choice A: Toys that can't be dry cleaned or washed do not need to be thrown out, as they can be treated by sealing them in plastic bags for two weeks or placing them in a freezer for two days. This will kill any lice or nits that may have been transferred from the child's head.

Choice B: Nits will not always be present, as they can be removed by using a fine-toothed comb or applying products that loosen their attachment to the hair shafts. Nits are the eggs of lice that are glued to the hair near the scalp. Nits can hatch into nymphs within seven to ten days and mature into adult lice within another seven to ten days.

Choice C: All recently used clothing, bedding, and towels must be washed in hot water, as this will kill any lice or nits that may have been transferred from the child's head. Hot water means at least 54°C/130°F for at least ten minutes. The items should also be dried in high heat for at least twenty minutes.

Choice D: Treating all the family members is not necessary, as only those who have evidence of lice or nits should be treated with medicated shampoos or lotions that kill lice and prevent re-infestation. Treating all the family members may cause unnecessary exposure to chemicals or resistance to treatment.

Choice A: Tachycardia is not a finding that indicates increased intracranial pressure, but rather a sign of shock, dehydration, or pain. Tachycardia is a fast heart rate, which is more than 160 beats per minute in infants. Tachycardia can occur when the body tries to compensate for low blood pressure, fluid loss, or tissue damage.

Choice B: Increased sleeping is a finding that indicates increased intracranial pressure, as it reflects altered level of consciousness, which is one of the earliest and most sensitive signs of increased intracranial pressure. Increased intracranial pressure can compress the brain tissue and affect its function and responsiveness. Increased sleeping can progress to lethargy, stupor, or coma.

Choice C: Brisk pupillary reaction to light is not a finding that indicates increased intracranial pressure, but rather a normal and expected response. A brisk pupillary reaction to light means that the pupils constrict quickly when exposed to bright light and dilate quickly when exposed to dim light. Brisk pupillary reaction to light indicates intact cranial nerve II (optic) and III (oculomotor).

Choice D: Depressed fontanels are not a finding that indicates increased intracranial pressure, but rather a sign of dehydration or malnutrition. Depressed fontanels are sunken or flat areas on the top or back of an infant's head where the skull bones have not yet fused together. Depressed fontanels can occur when there is insufficient fluid or tissue volume in the body.