A nurse is providing discharge teaching about nutrition to the parents of a child who has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following responses by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"We will restrict the amount of salt in our child's food."

I will limit my child's fluid intake."

"I will prepare low-fat meals with limited protein for my child."

"We will give our child pancreatic enzymes with snacks and meals."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects the production and function of certain glands, particularly those that produce mucus and sweat. One of the key aspects of CF management is addressing the pancreatic insufficiency that occurs in many individuals with CF. Due to the impairment of the pancreas, children with CF may have difficulty digesting food properly, especially fats. This can lead to malabsorption of nutrients, poor weight gain, and other nutritional deficiencies.

Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is a crucial part of CF management. Pancreatic enzymes are prescribed to help the child digest and absorb essential nutrients, especially fats. The enzymes are typically given with each meal and snack to aid in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients.

The other options are not correct:

A. "We will restrict the amount of salt in our child's food."

Sodium restriction is generally not a focus in CF management unless there are specific indications for it. CF patients may have increased salt losses in sweat, but dietary sodium restriction is not a primary aspect of their care.

B. "I will limit my child's fluid intake."

Fluid intake is important for children with CF to maintain hydration and prevent dehydration. There is no specific need to limit fluid intake unless there are individualized medical reasons for doing so.

C. "I will prepare low-fat meals with limited protein for my child."

Children with CF often require a high-calorie, high-protein diet to maintain adequate nutrition and growth. Restricting fat and protein intake is not typically recommended, as these nutrients are essential for a child's development and well-being. Instead, pancreatic enzymes are used to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats and other nutrients.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

In this scenario, the infant has a heart rate of 190/min and a fever of 40°C (104°F). Fever in infants can cause an increase in heart rate, which is a normal physiological response to elevated body temperature. Fever is the body's way of responding to an infection or illness, and it triggers various physiological changes, including an increase in heart rate. This helps the body to circulate blood and deliver immune cells to fight off the infection.
The other options are not accurate or relevant to the infant's current condition:
A. "This is within the expected range for your baby." - A heart rate of 190/min is above the normal expected range for a 2-month-old infant, which is typically between 120 to 160 beats per minute. This response would not address the elevated heart rate and fever.
C. "As your baby begins to fall asleep, his heart rate will decrease." - While heart rate may decrease during sleep, it does not explain the elevated heart rate and fever observed in this situation.
D. "Your baby's heart is beating fast in an attempt to cool down his body." - While tachycardia (fast heart rate) can be associated with increased metabolic demands during fever, the main reason for the increased heart rate in this case is the fever itself, not the body's attempt to cool down. Fever is a response to infection or illness and can cause an increase in heart rate as part of the body's normal immune response.

A. "Have your child sit with her head tilted forward and hold pressure on her nose for 10 minutes." B. "Apply ice at the base of the nose for 5 min and then check for bleeding. C. "Place your child in a supine position with a pillow under her back." D. "Place your child in a sitting position with her head tilted back

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

For a child with von Willebrand disease experiencing a nosebleed, the nurse should instruct the parent to have the child sit with their head tilted forward slightly (not backward) to prevent blood from flowing down the throat. Applying direct pressure to the nostrils with fingers or using a clean cloth for about 10 minutes will help stop the bleeding.
Option B (applying ice at the base of the nose) is not recommended because ice can cause vasoconstriction, potentially prolonging bleeding in individuals with bleeding disorders.
Option C (placing the child in a supine position with a pillow under the back) is also not recommended, as this can lead to blood flowing down the throat, increasing the risk of aspiration.
Option D (placing the child in a sitting position with her head tilted back) should be avoided as it can lead to blood flowing into the throat and potentially being swallowed or aspirated. This position is generally discouraged for nosebleeds.

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A nurse is providing discharge teaching about nutrition to the parents of a child who has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following responses by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is obtaining vital signs from a 2-month-old infant. The infant's heart rate is 190/min and his temperature is 40° C (104° F). The father asks the nurse why the infant's heart is beating so fast. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse receives a call from a parent of a child who has von Willebrand disease and has had a nosebleed. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the parent?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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