A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant who has pyloric stenosis. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect?

Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because a regular diet, no added salt may not be sufficient to prevent fluid retention and hypertension in a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the tiny blood vessels that filter blood in the kidneys. It may cause symptoms such as hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, edema, or hypertension. Therefore, avoiding salt alone may not reduce sodium and water intake and excretion.

Choice B reason: This choice is incorrect because a low-protein, low-potassium diet may not be necessary for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. A low-protein, low-potassium diet may be indicated for a child who has chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease, which can cause uremia, hyperkalemia, or metabolic acidosis. However, in acute glomerulonephritis, the kidney function usually recovers within weeks or months, and the protein and potassium levels are not significantly affected.

Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect because a low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet may not be appropriate for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. A low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet may be used for a child who has diabetes mellitus or ketosis-prone epilepsy, which can cause hyperglycemia or ketone production. However, in acute glomerulonephritis, carbohydrate metabolism is not impaired, and the protein intake should be adequate to prevent malnutrition and promote healing.

Choice D reason: This choice is correct because a low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet is an appropriate diet for a child who has acute glomerulonephritis. A low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet helps to reduce the fluid retention and hypertension by limiting the sodium and water intake and excretion. The sodium intake should be less than 2 g per day, and the fluid intake should be equal to the urine output plus 500 mL per day.

Choice A: Reducing environmental stimuli can help decrease the discomfort and agitation of a child who has meningitis, as they may experience headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness. However, this action is not the priority, as it does not address the cause of the infection or prevent complications.

Choice B: Documenting intake and output can help monitor the fluid balance and hydration status of a child who has meningitis, as they may have fever, vomiting, and decreased oral intake. However, this action is not the priority, as it does not address the cause of the infection or prevent complications.

Choice C: Administering antibiotics when available can help treat the bacterial infection that causes meningitis and prevent serious complications such as brain damage, hearing loss, or death. This action is the priority, as it can save the child's life and improve their outcome.

Choice D: Maintaining seizure precautions can help protect the child from injury and provide safety measures in case of a seizure, as meningitis can cause increased intracranial pressure and seizures. However, this action is not the priority, as it does not address the cause of the infection or prevent complications.