A nurse is caring for a child who is 2 hours postoperative following a tonsillectomy. Which of the following fluid items should the nurse offer the child at this time?

Choice A: Body image changes are the most common reaction for an adolescent who has scoliosis and requires surgical intervention, as scoliosis affects the appearance and shape of the spine and torso. Body image changes can lead to low self-esteem, social isolation, depression, or anxiety.

Choice B: Feelings of displacement are not the most common reaction for an adolescent who has scoliosis and requires surgical intervention, as displacement means feeling out of place or unwanted in a certain situation or environment. Feelings of displacement can occur due to hospitalization, separation from peers or family, or lack of control over one's life.

Choice C: Loss of privacy is not the most common reaction for an adolescent who has scoliosis and requires surgical intervention, as loss of privacy means having one's personal information or space exposed or invaded by others. Loss of privacy can occur due to frequent examinations, procedures, or interventions by health care providers or staff.

Choice D: Identity crisis is not the most common reaction for an adolescent who has scoliosis and requires surgical intervention, as identity crisis means having difficulty or confusion in defining one's self-concept or role in society. Identity crises can occur due to developmental changes, peer pressure, or cultural expectations.

Choice A: Muscular dystrophy is not an example of a neural tube defect, but rather a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. Muscular dystrophy affects the skeletal muscles that control movement and may also affect the heart, lungs, or other organs. Muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins that protect muscle fibers from damage.

Choice B: Spina bifida is an example of a neural tube defect, which is a birth defect that occurs when the neural tube, which is the structure that develops into the brain and spinal cord, does not close completely during the first month of pregnancy. Spina bifida causes an opening in the spine that exposes the spinal cord and nerves and may result in physical and mental disabilities. Spina bifida can be prevented by taking folic acid before and during pregnancy.

Choice C: Hydrocephalus is not an example of a neural tube defect, but rather a condition that causes accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. Hydrocephalus can increase the pressure inside the skull and damage the brain tissue and function. Hydrocephalus can be caused by congenital defects, infections, injuries, tumors, or bleeding in the brain.

Choice D: Cerebral palsy is not an example of a neural tube defect, but rather a group of disorders that affect movement, balance, and posture. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the developing brain before, during, or after birth. Cerebral palsy can affect muscle tone, coordination, reflexes, or speech. Cerebral palsy can be caused by infections, injuries, lack of oxygen, or genetic mutations.