A parent tells a nurse that her toddler drinks a quart of milk a day and has a poor appetite for solid foods. The nurse should explain that the toddler is at risk for which of the following disorders?
Obesity
Diabetes mellitus
Iron deficiency anemia
Rickets
The Correct Answer is C
Consuming a large amount of milk, such as a quart a day, can lead to iron deficiency anemia in toddlers. Milk is a poor source of iron, and excessive milk intake can displace other iron-rich foods from the toddler's diet.
Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce enough hemoglobin, which is essential for oxygen transport in the blood. Toddlers are particularly vulnerable to iron deficiency anemia because they have increased iron needs for growth and development.
Option A (Obesity) and option B (Diabetes mellitus) are not directly related to the toddler's milk consumption. Obesity may be a concern if the child consumes excessive calories overall, but it is not specifically associated with milk intake. Similarly, diabetes mellitus is not directly related to milk consumption.
Option D (Rickets) is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, not iron. Rickets results in weakened and deformed bones, and it is usually associated with inadequate sunlight exposure and insufficient dietary vitamin D. While milk is often fortified with vitamin D, excessive milk intake can displace other vitamin D sources in the diet and contribute to an increased risk of rickets, but the primary concern with excessive milk intake is iron deficiency anemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart defect associated with increased pulmonary blood flow. In normal fetal circulation, the ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the lungs since the baby receives oxygen from the mother's placenta. After birth, the ductus arteriosus should close, redirecting blood flow to the lungs for oxygenation. However, in some infants with PDA, the ductus arteriosus remains open, causing an abnormal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. As a result, oxygenated blood from the aorta flows back into the pulmonary artery, increasing the workload on the lungs.
The other options are as follows:
A. Coarctation of the aorta - Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta, which obstructs blood flow and leads to increased blood pressure in the upper body and reduced blood flow to the lower body.
C. Tetralogy of Fallot - Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four heart defects that results in decreased pulmonary blood flow due to a ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
D. Tricuspid atresia - Tricuspid atresia is a congenital heart defect where the tricuspid valve does not develop correctly, resulting in an absent or abnormal tricuspid valve. This defect prevents blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle and, therefore, reduces pulmonary blood flow.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Hirschsprung disease is a condition where nerve cells are missing from parts of the intestine, leading to problems with bowel movements. The treatment for Hirschsprung disease often involves surgery to remove the affected portion of the bowel and create a temporary ostomy (stoma). An ostomy is an opening in the abdominal wall through which waste material can pass into an external pouch, bypassing the affected section of the intestine.
The correct statement by the parent that indicates an understanding of the teaching is C. The parent is expressing relief that the ostomy is temporary, meaning it is not a permanent situation. This response indicates that the parent has been informed about the nature of the ostomy and its planned duration, which is an essential aspect of preoperative teaching.
Let's go through the other options and explain why they are not the best choices:
A. "I'm glad my child will have normal bowel movements now." This statement is not accurate because, after the initial surgery with the creation of a temporary ostomy, the child will not have normal bowel movements. The ostomy is created to bypass the affected part of the intestine, and the child's bowel movements will be directed through the ostomy until further surgery is performed to reconnect the intestine.
B. "I want to learn how to use my child's feeding tube as soon as possible." While learning how to use a feeding tube may be relevant for certain medical conditions, it is not specifically related to Hirschsprung disease or the planned initial surgery. Hirschsprung disease primarily affects the bowel and its function, not the child's ability to eat.
D. "I want to learn how to empty my child's urinary catheter bag." Hirschsprung disease does not directly impact the urinary system, so there is no specific reason for the parent to learn how to empty a urinary catheter bag in the context of this condition or the planned surgery.
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