A nurse is assessing an 8-month-old infant for cerebral palsy. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of the condition?

Can always track an object with eyes

Needs support with pillow props for sitting

Uses a pincer grasp to pick up a toy

Smiles when a parent appears

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Can always track an object with eyes:

The ability to track an object with the eyes typically develops in infants around 2 to 3 months of age. This developmental milestone is not specific to cerebral palsy and is generally expected in healthy infants.

B. Needs support with pillow props for sitting

Explanation:

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood. It is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. The symptoms of cerebral palsy can vary widely, but they are generally related to motor function and coordination.

The manifestation of needing support with pillow props for sitting is consistent with the motor impairments often seen in cerebral palsy. Children with cerebral palsy may have difficulties with muscle control and coordination, which can affect their ability to sit independently. The need for external support to maintain a sitting position is indicative of motor developmental delays or challenges associated with cerebral palsy.

C. Uses a pincer grasp to pick up a toy:

The pincer grasp, where a child uses the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects, usually develops around 9 to 12 months of age. This developmental milestone is not directly associated with cerebral palsy and is part of normal infant development.

D. Smiles when a parent appears:

Smiling in response to familiar faces, including parents, is a social and emotional developmental milestone that typically occurs around 2 to 3 months of age. While cerebral palsy can affect motor function, it does not directly impact an infant's ability to express emotions like smiling.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Reflexes play a crucial role in evaluating the neurological status of infants.

Moro reflex: Also known as the startle reflex, the Moro reflex is a normal response in infants. It occurs when an infant is startled by a sudden noise or movement. The baby responds by extending their arms and legs, followed by a quick contraction. This reflex usually disappears around 4-6 months of age.

Tonic neck reflex (fencer's reflex): This reflex involves turning an infant's head to one side, causing the arm on that side to extend and the opposite arm to flex. It's a normal reflex that typically disappears around 4-6 months of age.

Withdrawal reflex: The withdrawal reflex is a normal response to a stimulus, such as touching a baby's foot with a cold object. The baby will pull their leg away in response to the stimulus.

Symptomatic of decorticate or decerebrate posturing (options A and B):

Decorticate and decerebrate posturing are abnormal postures seen in individuals with severe brain damage or injury. Decorticate posturing involves the arms being flexed and held close to the body, while decerebrate posturing involves the arms being extended and the wrists being pronated. These reflexes are typically indicative of significant neurological dysfunction and are not expected in a 2-month-old infant after a car accident.

Indicators of severe brain damage (option C):

The reflexes described (Moro, tonic neck, and withdrawal reflexes) are not indicative of severe brain damage in a 2-month-old infant. These reflexes are normal for an infant of this age and are part of their typical neurological development.

Normal findings (option D):

The reflexes described are normal findings in a 2-month-old infant and are expected as part of their developmental milestones.

A. Replacement therapy may require daily subcutaneous injections B. Lifelong replacement therapy will be required C. Treatment is most successful if started during adolescence. D. Treatment is considered successful if children attain full stature by adulthood

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Replacement therapy may require daily subcutaneous injections.

Explanation: Growth hormone deficiency (hypopituitarism) often requires treatment with growth hormone therapy. One common method of administering growth hormone is through daily subcutaneous injections. Subcutaneous injections involve injecting the medication under the skin into the fatty tissue. This is a routine part of growth hormone therapy, and nursing considerations would include educating the child and their family about proper injection techniques, site rotation, and adherence to the treatment schedule.

Explanation for the other choices:

B. Lifelong replacement therapy will be required:

This statement is generally true. Growth hormone deficiency often requires long-term treatment, which may extend throughout childhood and adolescence. However, in some cases, the need for growth hormone therapy might change based on the individual's response to treatment and growth patterns.

C. Treatment is most successful if started during adolescence:

The optimal timing for starting growth hormone therapy can vary depending on the specific circumstances and the underlying cause of growth hormone deficiency. While treatment during adolescence can be effective, growth hormone therapy can also be successful if started earlier in childhood or later in adolescence. The key is identifying and treating the deficiency as soon as possible to promote healthy growth.

D. Treatment is considered successful if children attain full stature by adulthood:

While growth hormone therapy aims to support growth, achieving "full stature" might not always be possible. The goal of treatment is to help the child reach a more typical height based on their genetic potential and individual response to therapy. The success of treatment is determined by improvements in growth velocity and height, rather than necessarily achieving "full stature," which can vary greatly among individuals.

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A nurse is assessing an 8-month-old infant for cerebral palsy. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of the condition?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is doing a neurologic assessment on a 2-month-old infant after a car accident. Moro, tonic neck, and withdrawal reflexes are present. The nurse should recognize that these reflexes are:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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