A nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypo-parathyroidism about this disorder. The nurse explains to the patient that the physician has prescribed daily supplements of calcium and vitamin D. Which education by the nurse is appropriate for this patient?

"The parathyroid has no effect on calcium levels in the body, this will just help prevent osteoporosis"

"The reason you have hypo-parathyroidism is because you were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and when the thyroid doesn't work, neither does the parathyroid, so you need these supplements."

"A decrease in parathyroid hormone causes low calcium levels, so your body to break down bones in order to maintain normal calcium levels, and this will prevent that from happening."

"An increase in parathyroid hormone causes your body to move calcium into the cells to reduce blood calcium levels, so you have to replace the levels in the blood."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. "The parathyroid has no effect on calcium levels in the body; this will just help prevent osteoporosis":
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis. Hypoparathyroidism, characterized by decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, leads to low blood calcium levels, not high levels.

B. "The reason you have hypoparathyroidism is that you were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and when the thyroid doesn't work, neither does the parathyroid, so you need these supplements."
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. The parathyroid and thyroid are separate glands with distinct functions. Hypoparathyroidism is not a result of hypothyroidism.

C. "A decrease in parathyroid hormone causes low calcium levels, so your body to break down bones to maintain normal calcium levels, and this will prevent that from happening."
Explanation: This is the correct statement. Hypoparathyroidism leads to a decrease in PTH, resulting in low blood calcium levels. Without sufficient PTH, the body may resort to breaking down bones to maintain calcium levels.

D. "An increase in parathyroid hormone causes your body to move calcium into the cells to reduce blood calcium levels, so you have to replace the levels in the blood."
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. An increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) typically leads to increased blood calcium levels by promoting the release of calcium from bones and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. This describes hyperparathyroidism, not hypoparathyroidism.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Diet, exercise, and oral medications can be effective. I will ask the physician to prescribe Metformin":
Explanation: This statement is not accurate for type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin, so oral medications like Metformin, which work to increase insulin sensitivity or reduce glucose production in the liver, are not effective. Insulin replacement is the mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes.

B. "Your body does not produce insulin, and the only treatment is injected insulin":
Explanation: This is the correct statement. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin or produces very little, and insulin cannot be taken orally because it would be broken down in the digestive system. Therefore, injections are the primary and necessary mode of insulin delivery.

C. "Glucophage can help your body better utilize the insulin secreted by the pancreas":
Explanation: This statement is more applicable to type 2 diabetes, where the pancreas may still produce insulin, but the body's cells are resistant to its effects. In type 1 diabetes, the issue is a lack of insulin production, so medications to improve insulin utilization are not relevant.

D. "Initially, you will need injections, but after your body adjusts to the insulin, you can switch to Metformin":
Explanation: This is not accurate for type 1 diabetes. The need for insulin in type 1 diabetes is not something the body adjusts to over time. Insulin is a lifelong requirement for individuals with type 1 diabetes, and it cannot be replaced by oral medications like Metformin.

A. Frequent mood changes B. Weight gain of 11 lbs in 3 weeks C. Sensitivity to cold D. Constipation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Frequent mood changes:
This is correct. Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased levels of thyroid hormones, which can affect the nervous system and lead to mood changes, including irritability and anxiety.

B. Weight gain of 11 lbs in 3 weeks:
Weight loss is more characteristic of hyperthyroidism due to increased metabolism. Rapid weight gain is not typical.

C. Sensitivity to cold:
Sensitivity to cold is more characteristic of hypothyroidism, where there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones.

D. Constipation:
Constipation is more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where there is a slowing of the digestive system.

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A nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypo-parathyroidism about this disorder. The nurse explains to the patient that the physician has prescribed daily supplements of calcium and vitamin D. Which education by the nurse is appropriate for this patient?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes states he is not comfortable with self-injections and asks the nurse if oral an anti- diabetic agent can be prescribed instead. Which of the following responses from the nurse is appropriate?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to report?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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