The nurse is caring for a female client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who exhibits confusion, light-headedness, and aberrant behavior. The client is still conscious. The nurse should first administer:

15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as orange juice.

I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%.

I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon.

10 U of fast-acting insulin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. 15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as orange juice:
This is a standard and initial treatment for hypoglycemia. Fast-acting carbohydrates, like orange juice or glucose tablets, can quickly raise blood sugar levels. However, in the scenario described, the client is still conscious, and glucagon may be a more appropriate choice.

B. I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%:
Intravenous (IV) dextrose is a more aggressive intervention and is typically reserved for severe cases of hypoglycemia or for unconscious patients. It is not the first-line treatment for conscious patients.

C. I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon:
Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels by promoting the conversion of stored glycogen in the liver to glucose. It is administered either intramuscularly (I.M.) or subcutaneously. In a conscious patient with hypoglycemia who cannot take oral carbohydrates, glucagon can be an effective and rapid way to raise blood sugar levels.

D. 10 U of fast-acting insulin:
Administering more insulin in a situation of hypoglycemia would worsen the condition. The goal in hypoglycemia is to raise blood sugar, and giving more insulin would have the opposite effect.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "I can eat a salad with oil and vinegar dressing":
Explanation: This statement is correct. A salad with oil and vinegar dressing is a healthy option, and the patient does not need to avoid this.

B. "I can cook soup using canned vegetables":
Explanation: This statement is generally acceptable. However, the patient should be aware of the sodium content in canned vegetables and choose low-sodium options to manage fluid retention, which can be a concern in Cushing's syndrome.

C. "I can eat dried fruit for breakfast with my oatmeal":
Explanation: This statement is questionable. Dried fruits may have higher sugar content and can contribute to an increase in calorie intake. In Cushing's syndrome, where there may be weight gain, it's advisable to choose fresh fruits over dried ones.

D. "I can eat baked chicken with green beans for dinner":
Explanation: This statement is correct. Baked chicken with green beans is a healthy and balanced option.

A. The need to match the daily steroid dose to immediate symptoms B. The importance of monitoring liver function C. The need for life-long steroid replacement D. The possibility of extreme weight loss from use of corticosteroids

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The need to match the daily steroid dose to immediate symptoms:
Explanation: Adjusting the steroid dose based on immediate symptoms is not a recommended approach. Patients should follow the prescribed regimen provided by their healthcare provider.

B. The importance of monitoring liver function:
Explanation: While monitoring liver function is important for some medications, it is not the primary focus when teaching about hormone replacement therapy in Addison's disease. The emphasis is on the need for life-long steroid replacement.

C. The need for life-long steroid replacement:
Explanation: Patients with Addison's disease require life-long steroid replacement therapy to compensate for the deficiency in adrenal hormones. It's important for the patient to understand that adherence to the prescribed steroid regimen is essential for maintaining health and preventing adrenal crisis.

D. The possibility extreme weight loss from the use of corticosteroids:
Explanation: While corticosteroids can have various side effects, extreme weight loss is not a typical or desired outcome of steroid therapy for Addison's disease. Weight changes and potential side effects should be discussed, but the emphasis should be on the importance of long-term steroid replacement.

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The nurse is caring for a female client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who exhibits confusion, light-headedness, and aberrant behavior. The client is still conscious. The nurse should first administer:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with Cushing's syndrome is receiving education about dietary changes from the nurse. Which statement by the patient demonstrates the need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a patient with Addison's disease who is scheduled for discharge. When teaching the patient about hormone replacement therapy, the nurse should address what topic?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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