A patient with a longstanding diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the emergency room. The triage nurse notes upon an assessment that the patient is hyperventilating. The triage nurse is aware that hyperventilation is the MOST common cause of which acid-base imbalance?

Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

Metabolic Acidosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Respiratory Acidosis:
Explanation: Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide, leading to an increase in PaCO2 and a decrease in blood pH. This is typically associated with conditions that impair ventilation.

B. Metabolic Alkalosis:
Explanation: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an elevated blood pH and bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration. It is not directly caused by hyperventilation but is often associated with conditions such as excessive vomiting or excessive bicarbonate intake.

C. Metabolic Acidosis:
Explanation: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in blood pH and bicarbonate concentration. It is not directly caused by hyperventilation but may result from conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis.

D. Respiratory Alkalosis:
Explanation: Hyperventilation is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis. During hyperventilation, there is an excessive loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) through rapid breathing, leading to a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood. This results in an increase in blood pH, causing an alkalotic state.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 30 minute onset; 2-hour duration: This does not accurately represent the onset and peak action time of Insulin Lispro.

B. 15 minute onset; 30-60 minutes peak: This is correct. Insulin Lispro has a rapid onset (starts working within 15 minutes) and a peak action time of 30-60 minutes after administration.

C. 2-hour onset; 12-hour duration: This is not accurate for rapid-acting insulin. Rapid-acting insulin has a much quicker onset and shorter duration compared to this option.

D. 15 minute onset; no peak (continuous): While the onset time is correct, stating "no peak" is not entirely accurate. Rapid-acting insulin does have a peak, but it's relatively short, occurring within the first hour after administration.

A. It is rapidly absorbed, has a fast onset of action B. Administer the total daily dosage in two doses C. Draw up the drug first, then add regular insulin D. Do not mix with other insulins

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. It is rapidly absorbed, has a fast onset of action:
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. Glargine (Lantus) actually has a slow onset of action and a prolonged duration of action. It is formulated to provide a steady level of insulin in the body over an extended period.

B. Administer the total daily dosage in two doses:
Explanation: This is not the recommended administration for glargine. It is typically administered once daily to provide basal insulin coverage over a 24-hour period.

C. Draw up the drug first, then add regular insulin:
Explanation: Mixing glargine with other insulins is not recommended. Glargine should be administered separately to maintain its extended duration of action. It should not be mixed with other insulins in the same syringe.

D. Do not mix with other insulins:
Explanation: This is the correct statement. Glargine should not be mixed with other insulins. It should be administered alone to maintain its "peakless" basal coverage. Mixing it with other insulins could alter its pharmacokinetics and compromise its effectiveness.

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A patient with a longstanding diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the emergency room. The triage nurse notes upon an assessment that the patient is hyperventilating. The triage nurse is aware that hyperventilation is the MOST common cause of which acid-base imbalance?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with diabetes mellitus is ordered to receive insulin for glucose correction (sliding scale coverage). The nurse knows the rapid acting insulin Insulin Lispro (Humalog) onset and peak action time are:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan for a patient receiving glargine (Lantus), "peakless" basal insulin?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is conducting a class on how to self-manage insulin regimens. A client asks how long a vial of insulin can be stored at room temperature before it "goes bad." What would be the nurse's best answer?

A patient has the following blood gases: PaCO2 33, pH 7.50, HCO3 23. Which of the following could NOT be the cause of this condition?

The nurse is collecting data for a client who has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. What subjective findings does the nurse recognize as symptoms related to this type of anemia?

The nurse instructs the client about the self-administration of insulin. Which statement or statements by the patient indicate a need for further teaching? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

The nurse reviews the blood gas results of a client with atelectasis. The nurse analyzes the results and determines that the client is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which results validate the nurse's findings?

A nursing instructor is evaluating a student caring for a neutropenic client. The instructor concludes that the nursing student demonstrates accurate knowledge of neutropenia based on which of the following interventions?

A client comes into the clinic complaining of fatigue. Blood work shows an increased bilirubin concentration and an increased reticulocyte count. What would the nurse suspect the patient has?

A client with Cushing's syndrome is receiving education about dietary changes from the nurse. Which statement by the patient demonstrates the need for further teaching?