A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus with a hemoglobin A1c test result of 12.7%. In discussing the result with the client, the nurse would be most accurate in stating:

"The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast."

"It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."

"It looks like you aren't following the prescribed diabetic diet."

"Your insulin regimen needs to be altered significantly."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast."
This statement is not accurate. The hemoglobin A1c test does not require fasting. It reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months and is not affected by short-term changes in diet or fasting.

B. "It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."
This statement is accurate. The hemoglobin A1c test provides information about the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months. It's a valuable tool for assessing long-term glycemic control.

C. "It looks like you aren't following the prescribed diabetic diet."
The hemoglobin A1c test reflects overall glycemic control over several months and is not solely influenced by recent dietary habits. While diet plays a role in diabetes management, this statement oversimplifies the interpretation of the A1c result.

D. "Your insulin regimen needs to be altered significantly."
While a high A1c may indicate a need for adjustments in the treatment plan, the decision to alter the insulin regimen should be based on a comprehensive assessment of the patient's overall diabetes management, including lifestyle, diet, and other factors. It may not solely be determined by the A1c result.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Respiratory Acidosis:
Explanation: Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide, leading to an increase in PaCO2 and a decrease in blood pH. This is typically associated with conditions that impair ventilation.

B. Metabolic Alkalosis:
Explanation: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an elevated blood pH and bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration. It is not directly caused by hyperventilation but is often associated with conditions such as excessive vomiting or excessive bicarbonate intake.

C. Metabolic Acidosis:
Explanation: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in blood pH and bicarbonate concentration. It is not directly caused by hyperventilation but may result from conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis.

D. Respiratory Alkalosis:
Explanation: Hyperventilation is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis. During hyperventilation, there is an excessive loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) through rapid breathing, leading to a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in the blood. This results in an increase in blood pH, causing an alkalotic state.

A. "The parathyroid has no effect on calcium levels in the body, this will just help prevent osteoporosis" B. "The reason you have hypo-parathyroidism is because you were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and when the thyroid doesn't work, neither does the parathyroid, so you need these supplements." C. "A decrease in parathyroid hormone causes low calcium levels, so your body to break down bones in order to maintain normal calcium levels, and this will prevent that from happening." D. "An increase in parathyroid hormone causes your body to move calcium into the cells to reduce blood calcium levels, so you have to replace the levels in the blood."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "The parathyroid has no effect on calcium levels in the body; this will just help prevent osteoporosis":
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis. Hypoparathyroidism, characterized by decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, leads to low blood calcium levels, not high levels.

B. "The reason you have hypoparathyroidism is that you were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, and when the thyroid doesn't work, neither does the parathyroid, so you need these supplements."
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. The parathyroid and thyroid are separate glands with distinct functions. Hypoparathyroidism is not a result of hypothyroidism.

C. "A decrease in parathyroid hormone causes low calcium levels, so your body to break down bones to maintain normal calcium levels, and this will prevent that from happening."
Explanation: This is the correct statement. Hypoparathyroidism leads to a decrease in PTH, resulting in low blood calcium levels. Without sufficient PTH, the body may resort to breaking down bones to maintain calcium levels.

D. "An increase in parathyroid hormone causes your body to move calcium into the cells to reduce blood calcium levels, so you have to replace the levels in the blood."
Explanation: This statement is incorrect. An increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) typically leads to increased blood calcium levels by promoting the release of calcium from bones and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. This describes hyperparathyroidism, not hypoparathyroidism.

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A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus with a hemoglobin A1c test result of 12.7%. In discussing the result with the client, the nurse would be most accurate in stating:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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