A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension to a client. Which process is primarily responsible for elevated blood pressure in hypertension?

Vasodilation and increased sodium excretion

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity

Enhanced nitric oxide production

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Rationale:

A) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is often vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention, leading to elevated blood pressure.

B) Correct answer. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key mechanism in hypertension. It leads to vasoconstriction and increased water and sodium retention, elevating blood pressure.

C) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, sympathetic nervous system activity is often increased, not decreased.

D) This option is incorrect. In hypertension, there is reduced nitric oxide production, which contributes to arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Correct answer. Proteinuria (presence of protein in urine) and edema (swelling) are common signs of kidney damage (nephrosclerosis) resulting from long-standing uncontrolled hypertension.

B) This option is incorrect. Weight loss and increased appetite are not typical manifestations of target organ damage in hypertension.

C) This option is incorrect. Improved exercise tolerance is not associated with target organ damage in hypertension.

D) This option is incorrect. Reduced urine output is not typically associated with target organ damage in hypertension. However, reduced urine output may occur in acute hypertensive emergencies, such as hypertensive nephropathy.

A. Reduced lung function B. Vision impairment and blindness C. Gastrointestinal bleeding D. Thyroid dysfunction

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) This option is incorrect. Reduced lung function is not directly related to hypertensive retinopathy.

B) Correct answer. Hypertensive retinopathy refers to damage to the blood vessels in the retina caused by uncontrolled high blood pressure. It can lead to vision impairment and, in severe cases, blindness.

C) This option is incorrect. Gastrointestinal bleeding is not a typical complication of hypertensive retinopathy.

D) This option is incorrect. Hypertensive retinopathy does not cause thyroid dysfunction.

QUESTIONS

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A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of hypertension to a client. Which process is primarily responsible for elevated blood pressure in hypertension?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client with long-standing uncontrolled hypertension. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse anticipate as a result of target organ damage?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a client with hypertension about the potential complications of uncontrolled high blood pressure. Which complication should the nurse emphasize as a result of hypertensive retinopathy?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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