A nurse is explaining ethics and values to a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should explain that allowing a client to make a decision about a treatment is an example of which of the following ethical principles?

Confidentiality

Nonmaleficence

Accountability

Autonomy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Confidentiality: Confidentiality refers to the duty to respect and protect the client's private information and not disclose it without the client's consent or appropriate legal authorization.

B. Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence means "do no harm." It is the ethical principle that requires healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to their clients and to balance potential benefits with possible risks.

C. Accountability: Accountability is the ethical principle that refers to the responsibility of healthcare professionals to answer for their actions and decisions in providing care to clients.

D. Autonomy: Correct. Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects a person's right to make their own decisions and about their healthcare. Allowing a client to make decisions about their treatment plan is an example of promoting autonomy and respecting their right to
selfdetermination.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A urine specific gravity of 1.015 is within the normal range (1.005–1.030). While fluid volume excess may lead to a lower specific gravity due to urine dilution, this value does not indicate fluid overload and is considered normal.
B. A hematocrit level of 42% is within the normal range for adults (men: 38–50%, women: 35–45%). Hematocrit levels tend to decrease in fluid volume excess due to hemodilution, but this value does not suggest fluid overload.
C. A urine pH of 6.5 is within the normal range (4.5–8.0). Urine pH reflects the acid-base balance rather than fluid status and is not a reliable indicator of fluid volume excess.
D. A BUN level of 5 mg/dL is below the normal range (10–20 mg/dL). In fluid volume excess, the dilution of blood plasma can lead to decreased BUN levels. This low BUN value, in conjunction with clinical symptoms, supports the diagnosis of fluid volume excess.

A. The client leans on the crutches for support while standing still. B. The client advances the unaffected leg first while climbing stairs. C. The client stands 5 cm (2 in) from the front of a chair before sitting. D. The client bears weight on their axilla while standing in the tripod position.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A: Incorrect. Leaning on the crutches for support while standing still is not the correct way to use crutches. It can lead to discomfort and instability.
B: Correct. The client should advance the unaffected leg first while climbing stairs when using crutches. This technique ensures better stability and safety during stair ascent.
C: Incorrect. Standing 5 cm (2 in) from the front of a chair before sitting is not directly related to the use of crutches.
D: Incorrect. Bearing weight on the axilla while standing in the tripod position is not the correct way to use crutches. The tripod position is used for resting, not weight bearing.

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A nurse is explaining ethics and values to a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should explain that allowing a client to make a decision about a treatment is an example of which of the following ethical principles?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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