A nurse is evaluating the laboratory report for a client who has severe diarrhea and a fever. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse identify as an indication that the client has a parasitic infection rather than a bacterial infection?

Decreased neutrophil count

Elevated eosinophil count

Increased hemoglobin level

Elevated platelet count

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: A decreased neutrophil count is not typically associated with parasitic infections. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that responds to bacterial infections, so a decrease might be seen in viral infections or certain inflammatory conditions, but not specifically indicative of a parasitic infection.

Choice B reason: An elevated eosinophil count is often associated with parasitic infections, especially those involving tissue invasion. Eosinophils are white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune response against parasitic infections. Normal eosinophil counts range from 0 to 500 cells per microliter of blood.

Choice C reason: An increased hemoglobin level is generally not related to the presence of a parasitic infection. Hemoglobin levels can be affected by various conditions, but they do not serve as a specific indicator for parasitic infections.

Choice D reason: An elevated platelet count can occur in various conditions, including inflammatory states and infections, but it is not a specific marker for parasitic infections. Platelets are components of blood that help with clotting and would not be used to differentiate between bacterial and parasitic infections.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Decreased blood pressure can be a sign of many conditions, including gastrointestinal perforation, but it is not specific and can occur in various other medical situations.

Choice B reason: Hyperactive bowel sounds are generally not associated with gastrointestinal perforation. They can occur in conditions like gastroenteritis or early bowel obstruction.

Choice C reason: Sudden abdominal pain, especially in the upper abdomen, can be a sign of gastrointestinal perforation. This pain is often severe and can be accompanied by signs of peritonitis.

Choice D reason: Tachycardia, or rapid heart rate, may occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to internal bleeding or infection, which can be secondary to gastrointestinal perforation.

A. Serum creatinine 1.8 mg/dL B. Magnesium 2.0 mEq/L C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 20 mg/dL D. Serum osmolality 290 mOsm/kg H2O

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Serum creatinine is a waste product from the normal breakdown of muscle tissue. A level of 1.8 mg/dL is higher than the normal range (0.61.2 mg/dL for females), indicating impaired kidney function and an increased risk of AKI.

Choice B reason: A magnesium level of 2.0 mEq/L is within the normal range (1.72.2 mEq/L) and does not typically indicate an increased risk of AKI.

Choice C reason: A BUN level of 20 mg/dL is within the normal range (720 mg/dL) and does not suggest an increased risk of AKI by itself.

Choice D reason: A serum osmolality of 290 mOsm/kg H2O is within the normal range (275295 mOsm/kg H2O) and does not indicate an increased risk of AKI.

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A nurse is evaluating the laboratory report for a client who has severe diarrhea and a fever. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse identify as an indication that the client has a parasitic infection rather than a bacterial infection?

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