A nurse is evaluating an older adult client who has depression after four weeks of treatment with an antidepressant medication.

Which of the following findings would indicate that the medication is effective?

The client reports an improvement in mood, energy, appetite and sleep.

The client scores lower on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) or the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

The client shows more interest and participation in social activities and hobbies.

All of the above.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is D.

All of the above.

This is because all of these findings indicate that the client has experienced an improvement in mood, energy, appetite, sleep, interest and participation in social activities and hobbies, which are common signs of depression recovery.

Choice A is wrong because it only covers some of the symptoms of depression, such as mood, energy, appetite and sleep, but not others, such as interest and participation in social activities and hobbies.

Choice B is wrong because it only measures the client’s depression level using standardized scales, such as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) or the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), but not their actual functioning and quality of life.

Choice C is wrong because it only reflects the client’s interest and participation in social activities and hobbies, which are important aspects of depression recovery, but not their mood, energy, appetite, sleep or depression level.

The GDS and the PHQ-9 are both valid and reliable tools for screening and measuring depression in older adults.

The GDS is a 15-item questionnaire that asks the client to answer yes or no to questions about their mood, satisfaction, hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness, guilt, agitation, withdrawal and suicidal thoughts.

The PHQ-9 is a 9-item questionnaire that asks the client to rate how often they have experienced symptoms of depression in the past two weeks, such as depressed mood, anhedonia, insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue, appetite or weight changes, concentration problems, feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

A. The client reports an improvement in mood, energy, appetite and sleep B.

The client scores lower on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) or the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) C.

The client shows more interest and participation in social activities and hobbies D.

All of the above

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is A.

Dehydration.

Poor skin turgor means that the skin takes longer to return to its normal position after being pinched or pulled.

This is a sign of dehydration, which means the body does not have enough fluid.

Dehydration can be caused by not drinking enough water, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, diabetes, or other conditions that affect fluid balance.

Choice B is wrong because malnutrition does not directly affect skin turgor.

Malnutrition means the body does not get enough nutrients from food.

This can cause various problems, such as weight loss, muscle wasting, poor wound healing, and infections.

However, malnutrition does not cause the skin to lose its elasticity.

Choice C is wrong because loss of subcutaneous fat does not cause poor skin turgor.

Subcutaneous fat is the layer of fat under the skin that helps insulate the body and store energy.

As people age, they tend to lose some subcutaneous fat, especially in the face and hands.

This can make the skin look thinner and more wrinkled, but it does not affect how quickly the skin snaps back after being pinched.

Choice D is wrong because reduced collagen fibers do not cause poor skin turgor.

Collagen is a protein that gives the skin its strength and structure.

As people age, they produce less collagen, which can make the skin sag and lose firmness.

However, collagen does not affect the skin’s ability to retain water and return to its normal shape after being stretched.

Normal ranges for skin turgor vary depending on the age and location of the skin.

In general, healthy skin should return to its normal position within 2 seconds after being pinched.

In children and young adults, skin turgor can be tested on the abdomen or forearm.In elderly people, skin turgor can be tested on the clavicle (collar bone), sternum (breastbone), forehead, or inner thigh.These sites are less affected by skin wrinkling and aging.

A. Check blood glucose levels at least four times a day. B. Drink plenty of fluids and avoid caffeine C. Eat small, frequent meals and avoid simple sugars. D. Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is D.

Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.

This is because oral hypoglycemic agents lower the blood glucose level, but they do not prevent the complications of diabetes mellitus, such as impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections.Therefore, the client should be advised to monitor for any signs of infection, such as fever, redness, swelling, or pus, and report them to the health care provider promptly.

Choice A is wrong because checking blood glucose levels at least four times a day is not necessary for most clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

The frequency of blood glucose monitoring depends on the type and dose of medication, the level of glycemic control, and the presence of other factors that may affect blood glucose, such as illness or stress.The client should follow the individualized plan prescribed by the health care provider regarding blood glucose monitoring.

Choice B is wrong because drinking plenty of fluids and avoiding caffeine is not specific to clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

This is a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as dehydration and caffeine can worsen hyperglycemia and increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications.

Choice C is wrong because eating small, frequent meals and avoiding simple sugars is also a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as this can help to maintain a stable blood glucose level and prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications.The client should also follow a balanced diet that includes complex carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and healthy fats, and consult with a dietitian or a diabetes educator for individualized dietary guidance.

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A nurse is evaluating an older adult client who has depression after four weeks of treatment with an antidepressant medication. Which of the following findings would indicate that the medication is effective?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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A nurse is evaluating an older adult client who has depression after four weeks of treatment with an antidepressant medication. Which of the following findings would indicate that the medication is effective?

A nurse is evaluating an older adult client who has depression after four weeks of treatment with an antidepressant medication.

Which of the following findings would indicate that the medication is effective?