A nurse is evaluating a client who is 70 years old for signs of dehydration.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Increased skin turgor.
Decreased pulse rate
Increased urine output.
Decreased mental status.
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is D.
Decreased mental status. Dehydration in elderly people can cause confusion, disorientation, or drowsiness due to the loss of water and electrolytes from the body.
These symptoms can affect the cognitive function and alertness of the client. Dehydration can also lead to complications such as kidney problems, electrolyte imbalances, or low blood pressure.
Choice A is wrong because increased skin turgor is not a sign of dehydration.
Skin turgor is the ability of the skin to return to its normal shape after being pinched or pulled. Dehydration causes decreased skin turgor, meaning the skin stays tented or wrinkled after being pinched.
Choice B is wrong because decreased pulse rate is not a sign of dehydration. Dehydration causes increased pulse rate, as the heart has to work harder to pump blood to the vital organs when there is less fluid in the body.
Choice C is wrong because increased urine output is not a sign of dehydration. Dehydration causes decreased urine output, as the kidneys try to conserve water and produce more concentrated urine.
The urine may also be darker in color than normal.
Normal ranges for fluid intake and output vary depending on age, weight, activity level, and health status.
However, a general guideline is to drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water per day and produce at least 30 mL of urine per hour.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer isB.
Loss of muscle mass and strength.Sarcopenia is a condition that affects older adults and causes a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function.This can lead to an increased risk of falls, fractures, disability, and mortality.
Choice A is wrong because the loss of bone mass and strength is calledosteoporosis, not sarcopenia.Osteoporosis is a condition that affects the density and quality of bones, making them more prone to fracture.
Choice C is wrong because loss of joint flexibility and range of motion is calledarthritis, not sarcopenia.
Arthritis is a term that refers to inflammation of the joints, which can cause pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility.
Choice D is wrong because loss of skin elasticity and moisture is calledskin aging, not sarcopenia.
Skin aging is a process that involves changes in the structure and function of the skin, such as wrinkles, sagging, dryness, and decreased wound healing.
Normal ranges for muscle mass and strength vary depending on age, sex, body size, and physical activity level.However, some general indicators of sarcopenia include:.
• A muscle mass index (muscle mass divided by height squared) below 7.26 kg/m2 for men and 5.45 kg/m2 for women.
• A handgrip strength below 30 kg for men and 20 kg for women.
• A gait speed below 0.8 m/s for both sexes.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
The correct answer is A, B, and D.These are some of the strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure caused by a change in posture, such as when a person stands up quickly.
Some explanations for the other choices are:.
• Choice C is wrong because drinking caffeinated beverages can cause dehydration, which can worsen orthostatic hypotension by reducing the fluid volume in the blood vessels.
• Choice E is wrong because increasing salt intake can raise blood pressure, but it can also cause fluid retention, which can strain the heart and kidneys.People with hypertension, heart failure, or kidney disease should limit their salt intake.
Some normal ranges for blood pressure are:.
• Systolic blood pressure (the top number) should be less than 120 mmHg for most adults.
• Diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) should be less than 80 mmHg for most adults.
• Orthostatic hypotension is diagnosed when there is a drop of 20 mmHg or more in systolic blood pressure or 10 mmHg or more in diastolic blood pressure within 2 to 5 minutes of standing.
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