The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The client asks the nurse what causes this condition.

What is the best response by the nurse?

“It is caused by an infection of the prostate gland that leads to inflammation and enlargement.”.

“It is caused by a hormonal imbalance that stimulates the growth of prostate tissue.”.

“It is caused by a genetic mutation that triggers abnormal cell division in the prostate.”.

“It is caused by an autoimmune disorder that attacks and damages the prostate tissue.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

The correct answer is B.

It is caused by a hormonal imbalance that stimulates the growth of prostate tissue.

• Choice A is wrong because BPH is not caused by an infection of the prostate gland. Prostate infections are called prostatitis and have different symptoms and treatments than BPH.

• Choice C is wrong because BPH is not caused by a genetic mutation that triggers abnormal cell division in the prostate. Prostate cancer is a malignant condition that involves uncontrolled cell growth in the prostate, but it is not the same as BPH.

• Choice D is wrong because BPH is not caused by an autoimmune disorder that attacks and damages the prostate tissue. Autoimmune disorders are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body, but they are not known to cause BPH.

The exact cause of BPH is unknown, but it is believed to be related to aging and hormonal changes in older men. The prostate gland grows throughout a man’s life, but it usually does not cause problems until later in life. Some factors that may increase the risk of BPH include family history, diabetes, heart problems, obesity, and prostate cancer.

BPH can cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent or urgent urination, weak or interrupted urine stream, dribbling at the end of urination, incomplete bladder emptying, nocturia (urination at night), urinary incontinence (leakage of urine), urinary retention (inability to urinate), blood in urine, and painful urination. These symptoms can affect the quality of life and lead to complications such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, bladder damage, kidney problems, and acute urinary retention.

BPH can be diagnosed by a physical exam, medical history, and various tests such as urinalysis, urodynamic test, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, post-void residual test, and cystoscopy.

The treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms, the size of the prostate, and other health conditions. They include medications, surgery, and other procedures such as laser therapy or microwave therapy. Some natural treatments such as lifestyle changes, dietary supplements, and herbal remedies may also help with mild symptoms of BPH.

Normal ranges for some tests related to BPH are:.

• PSA test: The normal range for PSA levels is 0 to 4 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.

However, this range may vary depending on age, race, and other factors. Higher PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer or other prostate problems such as BPH or prostatitis.

• Post-void residual test: The normal range for post-void residual volume is less than 50 milliliters (mL) of urine. Higher volumes may indicate urinary retention or bladder dysfunction due to BPH or other causes.

• Urodynamic test: The normal range for urodynamic parameters such as bladder pressure, urine flow rate, and bladder capacity may vary depending on age, gender, and other factors. Abnormal values may indicate bladder obstruction or dysfunction due to BPH or other causes.

References:.

: What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia and its possible symptoms ….

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

The correct answer is B, C, and E.

Phenytoin (Dilantin) is an anticonvulsant medication that is used to control seizures.

It can have several side effects, some of which are serious and require medical attention.

Here are some explanations for each choice:.

A. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.

This iswrongbecause grapefruit juice does not interact with phenytoin.However, grapefruit juice can affect the levels of other medications, such as statins, calcium channel blockers, and some antidepressants.

B. Brush your teeth gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush.This isrightbecause phenytoin can causegingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of the gums that can lead to bleeding, infection, and difficulty chewing.

To prevent this, patients should practice good oral hygiene, avoid alcohol and tobacco, and see a dentist regularly.

A. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication B.

Brush your teeth gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush C.

Wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace at all times D.

Stop taking this medication if you develop a rash or fever E.

Have your blood levels checked regularly as directed by your provider

A. Follow up with the primary care provider regularly. B. Avoid alcohol and tobacco use C. Take over-the-counter sleeping pills as needed. D. Engage in physical and mental activities daily. E. Wear glasses and hearing aids if prescribed.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The correct answer isA, B and D.

Here is why:.

• Following up with the primary care provider regularly can help detect and treat any medical conditions that may cause or contribute to delirium, such as infections, electrolyte imbalances, or medication side effects.

• Avoiding alcohol and tobacco use can prevent delirium caused by intoxication or withdrawal, as well as improve overall health and cognitive function.

• Engaging in physical and mental activities daily can help maintain brain health, prevent cognitive decline, and reduce stress and boredom that may trigger delirium.

Choice C is wrong because taking over-the-counter sleeping pills as needed can increase the risk of delirium, especially in older adults.Sleeping pills can cause confusion, drowsiness, memory impairment, and falls that may lead to delirium.Instead of sleeping pills, it is better to have good sleep habits such as uninterrupted sleep, avoiding caffeine and naps, and having a regular bedtime routine.

Choice E is wrong because wearing glasses and hearing aids if prescribed can help prevent delirium, not cause it.Sensory impairment such as poor vision and hearing can make a person more prone to delirium, as they may feel disoriented, isolated, or misunderstood.Wearing glasses and hearing aids can help improve communication, orientation, and awareness of surroundings.

Delirium is a serious change in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and a lack of awareness of one’s surroundings.It usually comes on fast and can be caused by various factors such as fever, infection, surgery, medication, or emotional distress.

Delirium can often be prevented.

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The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The client asks the nurse what causes this condition. What is the best response by the nurse?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who had a seizure disorder and is prescribed phenytoin (Dilantin). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has recovered from delirium and their family caregiver. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make to prevent recurrence of delirium? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing the risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in older adult clients. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider? (Select all that apply.).

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The client asks the nurse what causes this condition.

What is the best response by the nurse?