According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, what is the main developmental task of older adults?
Trust vs mistrust.
Generativity vs stagnation.
Ego integrity vs despair.
Identity vs role confusion.
The Correct Answer is C
The correct answer is C.
Ego integrity vs despair.
According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, older adults face the challenge of looking back on their lives and evaluating their accomplishments and failures.
If they feel satisfied with their life course, they achieve a sense of ego integrity, which is a feeling of wholeness and coherence.
If they feel regretful or dissatisfied, they experience despair, which is a sense of hopelessness and bitterness.
Choice A is wrong because trust vs mistrust is the first stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in infancy.
It involves developing a basic sense of trust in oneself and others based on the quality of caregiving.
Choice B is wrong because generativity vs stagnation is the seventh stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in middle adulthood.
It involves contributing to society and the next generation through work, parenting, or other activities.
Choice D is wrong because identity vs role confusion is the fifth stage of Erikson’s theory, which occurs in adolescence.
It involves developing a stable and coherent sense of self and one’s role in society.
Normal ranges for Erikson’s stages are:.
• Trust vs mistrust: birth to 18 months.
• Autonomy vs shame and doubt: 18 months to 3 years.
• Initiative vs guilt: 3 to 6 years.
• Industry vs inferiority: 6 to 12 years.
• Identity vs role confusion: 12 to 18 years.
• Intimacy vs isolation: 18 to 40 years.
• Generativity vs stagnation: 40 to 65 years.
• Ego integrity vs despair: 65 years and older.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is B.
It is caused by a hormonal imbalance that stimulates the growth of prostate tissue.
• Choice A is wrong because BPH is not caused by an infection of the prostate gland.Prostate infections are called prostatitis and have different symptoms and treatments than BPH.
• Choice C is wrong because BPH is not caused by a genetic mutation that triggers abnormal cell division in the prostate.Prostate cancer is a malignant condition that involves uncontrolled cell growth in the prostate, but it is not the same as BPH.
• Choice D is wrong because BPH is not caused by an autoimmune disorder that attacks and damages the prostate tissue.Autoimmune disorders are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body, but they are not known to cause BPH.
The exact cause of BPH is unknown, but it is believed to be related to aging and hormonal changes in older men.The prostate gland grows throughout a man’s life, but it usually does not cause problems until later in life.Some factors that may increase the risk of BPH include family history, diabetes, heart problems, obesity, and prostate cancer.
BPH can cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent or urgent urination, weak or interrupted urine stream, dribbling at the end of urination, incomplete bladder emptying, nocturia (urination at night), urinary incontinence (leakage of urine), urinary retention (inability to urinate), blood in urine, and painful urination.These symptoms can affect the quality of life and lead to complications such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, bladder damage, kidney problems, and acute urinary retention.
BPH can be diagnosed by a physical exam, medical history, and various tests such as urinalysis, urodynamic test, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, post-void residual test, and cystoscopy.
The treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms, the size of the prostate, and other health conditions.They include medications, surgery, and other procedures such as laser therapy or microwave therapy.Some natural treatments such as lifestyle changes, dietary supplements, and herbal remedies may also help with mild symptoms of BPH.
Normal ranges for some tests related to BPH are:.
• PSA test: The normal range for PSA levels is 0 to 4 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.
However, this range may vary depending on age, race, and other factors.Higher PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer or other prostate problems such as BPH or prostatitis.
• Post-void residual test: The normal range for post-void residual volume is less than 50 milliliters (mL) of urine.Higher volumes may indicate urinary retention or bladder dysfunction due to BPH or other causes.
• Urodynamic test: The normal range for urodynamic parameters such as bladder pressure, urine flow rate, and bladder capacity may vary depending on age, gender, and other factors.Abnormal values may indicate bladder obstruction or dysfunction due to BPH or other causes.
References:.
:What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia and its possible symptoms ….
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
The correct answer is A, B and C.
These are the factors that increase the risk of respiratory infections in elderly patients:.
• Decreased immune response: Elderly patients have a weaker immune system that makes them more susceptible to viral and bacterial infections.They also have a poor response to respiratory vaccines.
• Decreased chest wall compliance: Elderly patients have reduced elasticity of the lungs and chest wall, which makes it harder for them to breathe and expel mucus.
• Decreased alveolar surface area: Elderly patients have fewer and larger alveoli, which reduces the gas exchange area and oxygen diffusion capacity.
Choice D is wrong because decreased oxygen saturation is not a risk factor, but a consequence of respiratory infections.
Choice E is wrong because decreased bronchial dilation is not a specific factor for elderly patients, but a common feature of obstructive lung diseases.
Normal ranges for oxygen saturation are 95-100% and for bronchial dilation are variable depending on the type and severity of the disease.
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