The nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

The nurse should advise the client to do which of the following?

Check blood glucose levels at least four times a day.

Drink plenty of fluids and avoid caffeine

Eat small, frequent meals and avoid simple sugars.

Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is D.

Report any signs of infection or delayed wound healing.

This is because oral hypoglycemic agents lower the blood glucose level, but they do not prevent the complications of diabetes mellitus, such as impaired wound healing and increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, the client should be advised to monitor for any signs of infection, such as fever, redness, swelling, or pus, and report them to the health care provider promptly.

Choice A is wrong because checking blood glucose levels at least four times a day is not necessary for most clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

The frequency of blood glucose monitoring depends on the type and dose of medication, the level of glycemic control, and the presence of other factors that may affect blood glucose, such as illness or stress. The client should follow the individualized plan prescribed by the health care provider regarding blood glucose monitoring.

Choice B is wrong because drinking plenty of fluids and avoiding caffeine is not specific to clients who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

This is a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as dehydration and caffeine can worsen hyperglycemia and increase the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications.

Choice C is wrong because eating small, frequent meals and avoiding simple sugars is also a general recommendation for all clients who have diabetes mellitus, as this can help to maintain a stable blood glucose level and prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.

However, this alone is not sufficient to manage diabetes mellitus and prevent complications. The client should also follow a balanced diet that includes complex carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and healthy fats, and consult with a dietitian or a diabetes educator for individualized dietary guidance.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

The correct answer isA, B and D.

Here is why:.

• Following up with the primary care provider regularly can help detect and treat any medical conditions that may cause or contribute to delirium, such as infections, electrolyte imbalances, or medication side effects.

• Avoiding alcohol and tobacco use can prevent delirium caused by intoxication or withdrawal, as well as improve overall health and cognitive function.

• Engaging in physical and mental activities daily can help maintain brain health, prevent cognitive decline, and reduce stress and boredom that may trigger delirium.

Choice C is wrong because taking over-the-counter sleeping pills as needed can increase the risk of delirium, especially in older adults.Sleeping pills can cause confusion, drowsiness, memory impairment, and falls that may lead to delirium.Instead of sleeping pills, it is better to have good sleep habits such as uninterrupted sleep, avoiding caffeine and naps, and having a regular bedtime routine.

Choice E is wrong because wearing glasses and hearing aids if prescribed can help prevent delirium, not cause it.Sensory impairment such as poor vision and hearing can make a person more prone to delirium, as they may feel disoriented, isolated, or misunderstood.Wearing glasses and hearing aids can help improve communication, orientation, and awareness of surroundings.

Delirium is a serious change in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and a lack of awareness of one’s surroundings.It usually comes on fast and can be caused by various factors such as fever, infection, surgery, medication, or emotional distress.

Delirium can often be prevented.

A. Trim nails straight across and file edges smoothly. B. Soak nails in warm water before trimming to soften them. C. Use a metal nail file or scissors to cut nails. D. Apply a clear nail polish to protect nails from cracking. E. Report any signs of infection or inflammation around nails.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

The correct answer isA, B, and E.

The nurse should instruct the patient to do the following:.

• Trim nails straight across and file edges smoothly.

• Soak nails in warm water before trimming to soften them.

• Report any signs of infection or inflammation around nails.

These are good practices for nail hygiene and health, especially for the elderly who may have dry, brittle or thickened nails.Trimming nails straight across and filing them prevents ingrown nails and reduces the risk of injury or infection.Soaking nails in warm water makes them easier to cut and less likely to crack or split.Reporting any signs of infection or inflammation around nails is important to prevent complications and get appropriate treatment.

Choice C is wrong because using a metal nail file or scissors to cut nails can damage the nail plate and cause splitting or tearing.Choice D is wrong because applying a clear nail polish to protect nails from cracking is unnecessary and may worsen nail health by trapping moisture and bacteria under the polish.

To maintain healthy nails, the elderly should also scrub the underside of their nails with soap and water, moisturize their nails and cuticles, avoid biting or chewing their nails, eat nutritious foods rich in calcium and vitamins B and C, and use sterilized nail grooming tools.

:Fingernail Care for the Elderly - assisting hands-il-wi.com:Fingernails: Do’s and don’ts for healthy nails - Mayo Clinic:Nail Hygiene | CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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The nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking oral hypoglycemic agents. The nurse should advise the client to do which of the following?

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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Explanation

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The nurse is providing discharge instructions to an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

The nurse should advise the client to do which of the following?