The nurse is teaching an older adult client who has menopause about hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The client asks about the benefits and risks of HRT.

What should the nurse include in the teaching?

Encourage fluid intake of at least 2 L/day.

This is because adequate hydration can help soften the stool and facilitate its passage through the intestines.Fluid intake should be increased gradually to avoid fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance.

Choice B is wrong because alow-fiber dietcan contribute to constipation by reducing the bulk and water content of the stool.

Fiber helps retain water in the stool and stimulate peristalsis.A high-fiber diet is recommended for clients who have constipation.

Choice C is wrong because astimulant laxativeshould not be used daily or for a long period of time, as it can cause dependence, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and damage to the intestinal mucosa.Stimulant laxatives should be used only as a last resort when other measures fail.

Choice D is wrong becausephysical activitycan help prevent constipation by increasing intestinal motility and blood flow.Physical activity should be encouraged for clients who have constipation, unless contraindicated by other conditions.

Normal ranges for fluid intake are about 2 to 3 L/day for adults, depending on age, weight, activity level, and climate.Normal ranges for fiber intake are about 25 to 38 g/day for adults, depending on age and sex.

The correct answer is D.

All of the above.

The nurse should ask all of these questions to assess the possible causes of the client’s condition.

Depression and social isolation in older adults can be triggered by various factors, such as:.

• Losses or changes in life, such as death of a spouse, retirement, relocation, or chronic illness.

• Lack of social support or contact with family, friends, or neighbors, which can lead to loneliness and reduced self-esteem.

• Decreased engagement or interest in activities or hobbies that provide meaning, pleasure, or stimulation, which can affect mood and cognitive function.

By asking these questions, the nurse can identify the specific factors that contribute to the client’s depression and social isolation, and provide appropriate interventions to address them.

For example, the nurse can:.

• Provide emotional support and empathy to the client and help them cope with their losses or changes.

• Encourage the client to maintain or increase their social interactions and connections with others who share similar interests or experiences.

• Assist the client to resume or find new activities or hobbies that suit their abilities and preferences, and provide positive feedback and reinforcement.