A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has erectile dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus.
The client asks the nurse what he can do to improve his sexual function.
Which of the following responses should the nurse give?
“You can try using a vacuum device or a penile implant to achieve an erection.”.
“You can take oral medications such as sildenafil or tadalafil before sexual activity.”.
“You can inject medications such as alprostadil or papaverine into your penis before sexual activity.”.
“You can do any of the above options, depending on your preference and medical condition.”.
The Correct Answer is D
You can do any of the above options, depending on your preference and medical condition.
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get and maintain an erection for sexual activity.
It can be caused by physical or psychological factors, or both.
ED can affect your self-esteem, stress level and relationship quality.
There are different treatment options for ED, and they work in different ways.
Some of the most common ones are:.
• Oral medications such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), vardenafil (Levitra) or avanafil (Stendra).
These drugs enhance the effects of nitric oxide, a chemical that relaxes the muscles in the penis and increases blood flow.
You need to take them before sexual activity, and they only work if you are sexually stimulated.
They are not safe for everyone, especially if you have heart problems, low blood pressure, liver disease or certain eye conditions. They can also cause side effects such as headache, flushing, nasal congestion or indigestion.
• Penile self-injections such as alprostadil (Caverject, Edex) or papaverine (OraVerse).
These are shots of medicine that you inject into the base or side of your penis with a fine needle.
They cause an erection by dilating the blood vessels in the penis.
The erection lasts about 20 to 30 minutes, and you need to use them only when needed. They can cause side effects such as bleeding, pain, priapism (a prolonged and painful erection) or fibrous tissue formation.
• Alprostadil urethral suppository (Muse).
This is a tiny pellet of medicine that you insert into your urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) with a special device.
It works by expanding the blood vessels in the penis and causing an erection.
The erection lasts about 30 to 60 minutes, and you need to use it only when needed. It can cause side effects such as burning, pain, bleeding or infection.
• Vacuum erection device (VED).
This is a plastic tube that you place over your penis and pump out the air to create a vacuum.
This draws blood into the penis and causes an erection.
You then slide a rubber ring around the base of your penis to keep the blood in place.
The erection lasts as long as the ring is on, up to 30 minutes.
You need to use it only when needed. It can cause side effects such as bruising, numbness, pain or difficulty ejaculating.
• Penile implant surgery.
This is a procedure where inflatable or bendable devices are surgically placed on both sides of your penis.
You can control when and how long you have an erection by inflating or deflating the devices with a pump or a switch. This is a permanent solution for ED, but it requires surgery and has risks of infection, mechanical failure or erosion.
Other treatment options for ED include hormone therapy, psychotherapy, lifestyle changes and natural remedies.
However, these may not be as effective or safe as the ones mentioned above.
The best treatment option for you depends on your personal preference, medical condition, cost and availability.
You should talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of each option and choose the one that suits you best.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is A.
Decreased metabolic rate.This is because the metabolic rate is the amount of energy that the body uses to maintain its functions, and it tends to decline with age due to various factors, such as loss of muscle mass, reduced activity, hormonal changes, and decreased thyroid function.
A lower metabolic rate means that the body produces less heat and therefore feels colder more easily.
Choice B is wrong because increased blood pressure is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that can be influenced by lifestyle, genetics, and other factors.
Choice C is wrong because increased sweat gland activity is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a sign of hyperhidrosis, which is a condition that causes excessive sweating due to overactive sweat glands.Sweat glands actually decrease in number and function with age, which can impair thermoregulation and increase the risk of heat-related illnesses.
Choice D is wrong because decreased body fat is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a result of malnutrition, illness, or other causes.Body fat actually tends to increase with age, especially in the abdominal region, due to hormonal changes, reduced physical activity, and lower metabolic rate.
Body fat can act as an insulator and help maintain body temperature.
Normal ranges for metabolic rate vary depending on age, sex, body size, activity level, and other factors.
A general estimate for resting metabolic rate (RMR) is 10 calories per kilogram of body weight per day for men and 9 calories per kilogram of body weight per day for women.
However, this may not reflect the actual metabolic rate of an individual, as it does not account for the effects of food intake, exercise, or environmental factors.
Therefore, it is better to measure metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry or other methods that can capture these variables.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
The correct answer isA, B and D.
Here is why:.
• Following up with the primary care provider regularly can help detect and treat any medical conditions that may cause or contribute to delirium, such as infections, electrolyte imbalances, or medication side effects.
• Avoiding alcohol and tobacco use can prevent delirium caused by intoxication or withdrawal, as well as improve overall health and cognitive function.
• Engaging in physical and mental activities daily can help maintain brain health, prevent cognitive decline, and reduce stress and boredom that may trigger delirium.
Choice C is wrong because taking over-the-counter sleeping pills as needed can increase the risk of delirium, especially in older adults.Sleeping pills can cause confusion, drowsiness, memory impairment, and falls that may lead to delirium.Instead of sleeping pills, it is better to have good sleep habits such as uninterrupted sleep, avoiding caffeine and naps, and having a regular bedtime routine.
Choice E is wrong because wearing glasses and hearing aids if prescribed can help prevent delirium, not cause it.Sensory impairment such as poor vision and hearing can make a person more prone to delirium, as they may feel disoriented, isolated, or misunderstood.Wearing glasses and hearing aids can help improve communication, orientation, and awareness of surroundings.
Delirium is a serious change in mental abilities that results in confused thinking and a lack of awareness of one’s surroundings.It usually comes on fast and can be caused by various factors such as fever, infection, surgery, medication, or emotional distress.
Delirium can often be prevented.
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