The nurse is assessing a patient who has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Which of the following findings is most consistent with this condition?

The correct answer is A.

“I will use a walker until I can walk without pain.” This statement indicates a need for further teaching because the client should use a walker or other assistive device until they have regained their balance, flexibility and strength, not just until the pain subsides.Using a walker too long or too little can affect the healing process and the stability of the new hip joint.

Choice B is correct because the client should avoid crossing their legs or bending their hip more than 90 degrees to prevent dislocating the new hip joint.

Choice C is correct because the client should sleep on their back with a pillow between their legs to keep the hip in a neutral position and prevent excessive internal or external rotation.

Choice D is correct because the client should apply ice to their hip if it becomes swollen or inflamed to reduce pain and inflammation.The client should also elevate their leg and notify their healthcare provider if they notice any signs of infection, such as fever, chills, redness, warmth or drainage from the incision site.

Normal ranges for hip replacement surgery recovery vary depending on the individual and the type of surgery, but some general guidelines are:.

• The client should be able to walk with a cane or crutches within 2 to 4 weeks after surgery.

• The client should be able to resume most daily activities within 6 to 12 weeks after surgery.

• The client should avoid high-impact activities, such as running, jumping or contact sports, for at least 6 months after surgery.

• The client should have regular follow-up visits with their healthcare provider and physical therapist to monitor their progress and adjust their treatment plan as needed.

The correct answer is B.

It is caused by a hormonal imbalance that stimulates the growth of prostate tissue.

• Choice A is wrong because BPH is not caused by an infection of the prostate gland.Prostate infections are called prostatitis and have different symptoms and treatments than BPH.

• Choice C is wrong because BPH is not caused by a genetic mutation that triggers abnormal cell division in the prostate.Prostate cancer is a malignant condition that involves uncontrolled cell growth in the prostate, but it is not the same as BPH.

• Choice D is wrong because BPH is not caused by an autoimmune disorder that attacks and damages the prostate tissue.Autoimmune disorders are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the body, but they are not known to cause BPH.

The exact cause of BPH is unknown, but it is believed to be related to aging and hormonal changes in older men.The prostate gland grows throughout a man’s life, but it usually does not cause problems until later in life.Some factors that may increase the risk of BPH include family history, diabetes, heart problems, obesity, and prostate cancer.

BPH can cause symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent or urgent urination, weak or interrupted urine stream, dribbling at the end of urination, incomplete bladder emptying, nocturia (urination at night), urinary incontinence (leakage of urine), urinary retention (inability to urinate), blood in urine, and painful urination.These symptoms can affect the quality of life and lead to complications such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, bladder damage, kidney problems, and acute urinary retention.

BPH can be diagnosed by a physical exam, medical history, and various tests such as urinalysis, urodynamic test, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, post-void residual test, and cystoscopy.

The treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms, the size of the prostate, and other health conditions.They include medications, surgery, and other procedures such as laser therapy or microwave therapy.Some natural treatments such as lifestyle changes, dietary supplements, and herbal remedies may also help with mild symptoms of BPH.

Normal ranges for some tests related to BPH are:.

• PSA test: The normal range for PSA levels is 0 to 4 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood.

However, this range may vary depending on age, race, and other factors.Higher PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer or other prostate problems such as BPH or prostatitis.

• Post-void residual test: The normal range for post-void residual volume is less than 50 milliliters (mL) of urine.Higher volumes may indicate urinary retention or bladder dysfunction due to BPH or other causes.

• Urodynamic test: The normal range for urodynamic parameters such as bladder pressure, urine flow rate, and bladder capacity may vary depending on age, gender, and other factors.Abnormal values may indicate bladder obstruction or dysfunction due to BPH or other causes.

References:.

:What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia and its possible symptoms ….