A nurse is educating a client who is 60 years old about strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

(Select all that apply.).

Avoid crossing your legs when sitting.

Wear compression stockings.

Drink caffeinated beverages.

Change positions slowly.

Increase your salt intake.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,D

The correct answer is A, B, and D. These are some of the strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension, which is a sudden drop in blood pressure caused by a change in posture, such as when a person stands up quickly.

Some explanations for the other choices are:.

• Choice C is wrong because drinking caffeinated beverages can cause dehydration, which can worsen orthostatic hypotension by reducing the fluid volume in the blood vessels.

• Choice E is wrong because increasing salt intake can raise blood pressure, but it can also cause fluid retention, which can strain the heart and kidneys. People with hypertension, heart failure, or kidney disease should limit their salt intake.

Some normal ranges for blood pressure are:.

• Systolic blood pressure (the top number) should be less than 120 mmHg for most adults.

• Diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) should be less than 80 mmHg for most adults.

• Orthostatic hypotension is diagnosed when there is a drop of 20 mmHg or more in systolic blood pressure or 10 mmHg or more in diastolic blood pressure within 2 to 5 minutes of standing.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is A.

Decreased metabolic rate.This is because the metabolic rate is the amount of energy that the body uses to maintain its functions, and it tends to decline with age due to various factors, such as loss of muscle mass, reduced activity, hormonal changes, and decreased thyroid function.

A lower metabolic rate means that the body produces less heat and therefore feels colder more easily.

Choice B is wrong because increased blood pressure is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that can be influenced by lifestyle, genetics, and other factors.

Choice C is wrong because increased sweat gland activity is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a sign of hyperhidrosis, which is a condition that causes excessive sweating due to overactive sweat glands.Sweat glands actually decrease in number and function with age, which can impair thermoregulation and increase the risk of heat-related illnesses.

Choice D is wrong because decreased body fat is not a normal physiological change with aging, but rather a result of malnutrition, illness, or other causes.Body fat actually tends to increase with age, especially in the abdominal region, due to hormonal changes, reduced physical activity, and lower metabolic rate.

Body fat can act as an insulator and help maintain body temperature.

Normal ranges for metabolic rate vary depending on age, sex, body size, activity level, and other factors.

A general estimate for resting metabolic rate (RMR) is 10 calories per kilogram of body weight per day for men and 9 calories per kilogram of body weight per day for women.

However, this may not reflect the actual metabolic rate of an individual, as it does not account for the effects of food intake, exercise, or environmental factors.

Therefore, it is better to measure metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry or other methods that can capture these variables.

A. Promote physical activity and exercise to maintain muscle strength, joint mobility, balance and coordination. B. Encourage adequate nutrition and hydration to prevent malnutrition, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. C. Manage chronic diseases and medications to prevent complications, adverse effects and polypharmacy. D. Provide assistive devices and adaptive equipment to enhance mobility, safety and independence E. Modify the environment to reduce hazards, improve accessibility and facilitate self-care.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

The correct answer isA, B, C and E.These interventions are consistent with the best practices for optimizing functional status in the elderly.

Some explanations for the choices are:.

• Choice A is correct because physical activity and exercise can help maintain muscle strength, joint mobility, balance and coordination, which are essential for functional independence and quality of life.

• Choice B is correct because adequate nutrition and hydration can prevent malnutrition, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which can impair physical and cognitive function and increase the risk of complications.

• Choice C is correct because managing chronic diseases and medications can prevent complications, adverse effects and polypharmacy, which can affect functional status and increase the need for health care services.

• Choice D is wrong because providing assistive devices and adaptive equipment is not an intervention to improve functional status, but rather to enhance mobility, safety and independence for patients who already have functional limitations.

The question asks for interventions to improve functional status, not to compensate for it.

• Choice E is correct because modifying the environment can reduce hazards, improve accessibility and facilitate self-care, which can promote functional independence and prevent injuries or falls.

The normal ranges for blood glucose and blood pressure for older adults with diabetes and hypertension are:.

• Blood glucose: 80-130 mg/dL before meals and less than 180 mg/dL after meals.

• Blood pressure: less than 140/90 mmHg or individualized based on comorbidities and risk factors.

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A nurse is educating a client who is 60 years old about strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who reports feeling cold most of the time. The nurse knows that this is most likely due to which of the following physiological changes with aging?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is implementing interventions to improve the functional status of an older adult client who has diabetes and hypertension. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.).

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

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A nurse is educating a client who is 60 years old about strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

(Select all that apply.).