A nurse is educating a client who is 60 years old about strategies to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

(Select all that apply.).

The correct answer is B.

The client needs assistance with two ADLs.This is because the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) is a tool that measures the client’s ability to perform six basic ADLs independently: bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding.The score ranges from 0 to 6, with 6 indicating complete independence, 4 indicating moderate impairment, and 2 or less indicating severe dependence.The score is based on the number of ADLs that the client can perform without supervision, direction, personal assistance, or total care.

Therefore, a score of 4 out of 6 means that the client needs assistance with two ADLs.

Choice A is wrong because it implies that the client is independent in all ADLs, which would require a score of 6 out of 6.

Choice C is wrong because it implies that the client is dependent on others for all ADLs, which would require a score of 0 out of 6.

Choice D is wrong because it implies that the client has difficulty with four ADLs, which would require a score of 2 out of 6.

The normal range for the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) depends on the setting and population of the client.For example, one study found that the average score for residents in skilled nursing facilities was 3.1 out of 6.Another study found that the hierarchy of difficulty of the six ADLs from least to greatest was: eating, maintaining continence, transferring, toileting, dressing, and bathing.

The correct answer is D.

“Social interaction can help me avoid stress and anxiety.” This statement indicates a need for further teaching because social interaction does not necessarily help older adults avoid stress and anxiety.

In fact, some social situations may cause or increase stress and anxiety for some people, especially if they are negative, unpleasant, or conflictual.

Therefore, the nurse should explain to the client that social interaction can help them cope with stress and anxiety, but not avoid them altogether.

Choice A is correct because social interaction can help lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels by reducing the effects of stress hormones and promoting physical activity.

Choice B is correct because social interaction can help boost the immune system by enhancing positive emotions, increasing antibody production, and reducing inflammation.

Choice C is correct because social interaction can help improve memory and learning ability by stimulating brain regions involved in cognition, communication, and social perception.

Normal ranges for blood pressure are less than 120/80 mmHg for adults, and normal ranges for cholesterol are less than 200 mg/dL for total cholesterol, less than 100 mg/dL for LDL cholesterol, and more than 40 mg/dL for HDL cholesterol.