A nurse is educating a client who presents with a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?

Treatment is not needed if the client is hemodynamically stable.

Treatment is not needed if the client is asymptomatic.

Treatment is needed for all clients who have a pulmonary embolism.

Treatment is not needed if the pulmonary embolism is intermediate.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Treatment is not needed if the client is hemodynamically stable. Even if a client is hemodynamically stable, a pulmonary embolism still poses a serious risk of progression or recurrence and requires anticoagulation or other appropriate interventions to prevent complications or death.
B. Treatment is not needed if the client is asymptomatic. An asymptomatic pulmonary embolism is still clinically significant. Without treatment, clots can enlarge or lead to future embolic events. Thus, treatment is still warranted regardless of symptom presence.
C. Treatment is needed for all clients who have a pulmonary embolism. All clients with a diagnosed pulmonary embolism should receive prompt treatment, such as anticoagulants or thrombolytics depending on severity, to prevent morbidity and mortality from clot progression or recurrence.
D. Treatment is not needed if the pulmonary embolism is intermediate. Intermediate-risk pulmonary embolisms require medical management and close monitoring. Treatment decisions may vary, but anticoagulation is still generally indicated to avoid complications like right ventricular failure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Systemic lupus erythematosus: The butterfly-shaped rash, along with symptoms like fatigue, hair loss, and memory issues, is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. The rash typically appears across the cheeks and nose and is a hallmark sign of SLE, often triggered by sunlight exposure.
B. Acute HIV: Acute HIV infection may cause symptoms like fatigue, but it typically does not present with the specific butterfly-shaped rash seen in SLE. The rash associated with HIV is generally more generalized and not localized like the characteristic lupus rash.
C. Chronic HIV: Chronic HIV can present with fatigue and other symptoms, but it does not cause the butterfly-shaped rash seen in lupus. HIV-related rashes are more often generalized or occur due to secondary infections, not the distinct butterfly pattern seen in lupus.
D. Discoid lupus erythematosus: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) can cause skin lesions, including facial rashes, but it does not present with the same systemic symptoms (like fatigue, hair loss, and memory issues) as systemic lupus erythematosus. DLE affects only the skin, whereas SLE affects multiple organs.

A. Presence of Cullen's sign B. Pain in the chest C. Lower back or groin pain D. Hunger after eating

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Presence of Cullen's sign: Cullen's sign, characterized by bruising around the umbilicus, is more indicative of intraperitoneal bleeding, particularly related to conditions like pancreatitis or ruptured ectopic pregnancy, not an early sign of AAA.
B. Pain in the chest: While chest pain may occur in certain aneurysms, it is not typically associated with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), which is more likely to present with pain in the lower back or groin as the aneurysm expands.
C. Lower back or groin pain: Early manifestations of an AAA often include lower back or groin pain due to the proximity of the aorta to these areas. This pain results from the expansion or pressure on surrounding structures.
D. Hunger after eating: This is not associated with an AAA. Hunger after eating is a more general symptom and does not relate to the specific clinical presentation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

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A nurse is educating a client who presents with a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?

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