A client presents with a pH of 7.25, PC02 of 40 mmHg, HCO3- of 16 mEq/L. Which of the following best describes the client's acid-base imbalance?

Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Metabolic alkalosis: This condition is characterized by an elevated pH above 7.45 and an increased bicarbonate level. In this case, the pH is low and the HCO₃⁻ is also decreased, ruling out metabolic alkalosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated: A pH of 7.25 indicates acidemia, and a bicarbonate level of 16 mEq/L confirms a metabolic origin. The PaCO₂ is normal at 40 mmHg, indicating that respiratory compensation has not yet occurred, making this an uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis involves a low pH and elevated PaCO₂ due to hypoventilation. This client’s PaCO₂ is within normal range, so respiratory causes can be ruled out.
D. Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated: This condition presents with a high pH and low PaCO₂, typically due to hyperventilation. The client has an acidic pH and a normal PaCO₂, which does not support respiratory alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "Clients with hypoglycemia cannot participate in religious/cultural fasting.": While fasting can increase the risk of hypoglycemia in clients with type 1 diabetes, it is not absolutely prohibited. With close monitoring and adjustments to insulin and diet, some clients may safely observe fasting.
B. “Keeping supplies on hand to treat hypoglycemic episodes is important.": This is appropriate advice, as clients with type 1 diabetes are at risk for sudden drops in blood glucose. Readily available glucose tablets, juice, or snacks can help promptly correct hypoglycemia.
C. "Clients will usually have obvious manifestations of hypoglycemia.": Some individuals, especially those with long-standing diabetes, may experience hypoglycemia unawareness. They may not have typical warning signs, making early detection more difficult.
D. "Increasing exercise can help with hypoglycemia.”: Exercise generally lowers blood glucose levels and can actually trigger hypoglycemia if not planned with appropriate insulin or carbohydrate adjustments. It does not help treat or prevent hypoglycemia on its own.

A. Provide the client with grooming supplies and a private area to bathe. B. Call the client's home for someone to pick up the client C. Retain the client's cell phone for evidence. D. Send the client's clothes to the laundry before returning the items to the client.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Provide the client with grooming supplies and a private area to bathe: After evidence collection and medical treatment are complete, allowing the client to bathe in privacy supports their dignity and helps restore a sense of control. This is a therapeutic and appropriate step prior to discharge.
B. Call the client's home for someone to pick up the client: Contacting someone without the client's consent could breach confidentiality and potentially endanger the client, especially if the assailant lives in the same household.
C. Retain the client's cell phone for evidence: The nurse does not have the authority to confiscate personal property like a cell phone. Evidence collection must follow legal protocols, typically involving law enforcement and forensic teams.
D. Send the client's clothes to the laundry before returning the items to the client: The client's clothing may be part of the forensic evidence. Washing or returning them before proper processing would compromise the legal chain of custody.

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A client presents with a pH of 7.25, PC02 of 40 mmHg, HCO3- of 16 mEq/L. Which of the following best describes the client's acid-base imbalance?

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