A client presents with a pH of 7.25, PC02 of 40 mmHg, HCO3- of 16 mEq/L. Which of the following best describes the client's acid-base imbalance?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated
The Correct Answer is B
A. Metabolic alkalosis: This condition is characterized by an elevated pH above 7.45 and an increased bicarbonate level. In this case, the pH is low and the HCO₃⁻ is also decreased, ruling out metabolic alkalosis.
B. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated: A pH of 7.25 indicates acidemia, and a bicarbonate level of 16 mEq/L confirms a metabolic origin. The PaCO₂ is normal at 40 mmHg, indicating that respiratory compensation has not yet occurred, making this an uncompensated metabolic acidosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis: Respiratory acidosis involves a low pH and elevated PaCO₂ due to hypoventilation. This client’s PaCO₂ is within normal range, so respiratory causes can be ruled out.
D. Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated: This condition presents with a high pH and low PaCO₂, typically due to hyperventilation. The client has an acidic pH and a normal PaCO₂, which does not support respiratory alkalosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Lower oxygen saturations of 93% to 94%: Older adults with pneumothorax may present with lower oxygen saturations as the collapsed lung leads to impaired gas exchange. Oxygen saturation levels of 93% to 94% may indicate mild hypoxemia in these clients.
B. Lower energy expenditure: Pneumothorax in older adults is more likely to result in respiratory symptoms like hypoxemia, rather than directly affecting energy expenditure.
C. Higher oxygen saturations of 98% to 99%: This is unlikely in the presence of pneumothorax, which typically causes hypoxemia due to impaired lung function. High oxygen saturation levels would not be expected.
D. Increased lung capacity: Pneumothorax causes lung collapse, which results in decreased lung capacity and is not associated with increased lung function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Avoid foods that have been fried.": Fried foods are high in fat, which can increase stomach acid production and irritate the gastric mucosa, contributing to the development of peptic ulcers. Avoiding such foods can help reduce the risk of ulcer formation.
B. "Avoid consuming undercooked foods.": While undercooked foods can carry the risk of infection, particularly from bacteria like H. pylori, this statement is more relevant to food safety and does not directly address the risk of peptic ulcers.
C. "Avoid using decongestants for seasonal allergies/colds due to their positive link to developing a peptic ulcer.": Decongestants are not typically associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers. The main culprits for ulcers are NSAIDs, alcohol, smoking, and H. pylori infection.
D. "Avoid using hormone replacement therapy as this can increase your risk for a peptic ulcer.": Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not a major factor in the development of peptic ulcers. The primary risk factors include NSAID use, smoking, and infection with H. pylori.
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