A nurse is teaching a graduating nurse about fluid volume deficit. Which of the following concepts about water balance should the nurse explain to the graduating nurse?
The intracellular space contains most of the body's water.
A negative fluid balance occurs when the body takes in more water than the body needs.
When the body loses water, the intravascular space experiences the water loss.
A fluid volume deficit inhibits baroreceptors
The Correct Answer is A
A. The intracellular space contains most of the body's water: The majority of the body's water is found within the cells (intracellular space), accounting for about two-thirds of total body water. This is the primary compartment where water is stored and is critical for cellular function and maintaining homeostasis.
B. A negative fluid balance occurs when the body takes in more water than the body needs: A negative fluid balance refers to a state in which the body loses more water than it takes in, resulting in dehydration or fluid volume deficit. When the body takes in more water than it needs, it results in a positive fluid balance, which could lead to fluid overload or hyperhydration.
C. When the body loses water, the intravascular space experiences the water loss: While the loss of water from the body can affect all compartments, including the extracellular space, the intravascular space (blood vessels) is particularly vulnerable to volume loss, such as in dehydration. However, the primary loss in water occurs from both intracellular and extracellular compartments, not exclusively the intravascular space.
D. A fluid volume deficit inhibits baroreceptors: Fluid volume deficit may affect baroreceptors, which detect changes in blood pressure, but it does not directly inhibit them. In fact, a decrease in fluid volume typically triggers baroreceptors to respond by stimulating mechanisms that attempt to restore fluid balance, such as increasing thirst or activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to conserve water.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Tachycardia: Elevated T3 and T4 levels with suppressed TSH indicate hyperthyroidism, which increases metabolic rate and sympathetic nervous system activity. This often results in tachycardia due to increased cardiac demand and heightened sensitivity to catecholamines.
B. Decreased body temperature: Hyperthyroidism typically causes increased heat production and heat intolerance. Clients often feel warm or overheated, not cold, so a drop in body temperature would be unexpected.
C. Slow respiratory rate: Increased metabolism usually raises oxygen demand, leading to a normal or increased respiratory rate. A slow respiratory rate is not characteristic of hyperthyroid states.
D. Hypotension: Hyperthyroidism often causes systolic hypertension due to increased cardiac output. While some clients may experience normal blood pressure, persistent hypotension is not a common finding.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Gonorrhea: This is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and is not specifically associated with CD4 count decline. Clients with low CD4 levels are more vulnerable to opportunistic infections rather than common STIs.
B. Hepatitis: Although clients with HIV are at increased risk for hepatitis B or C co-infection, hepatitis is not considered an opportunistic infection tied to a CD4 count below 200/mm³.
C. Chlamydia: Like gonorrhea, chlamydia is an STI and not opportunistic in nature. It can occur at any stage of HIV, regardless of CD4 count, and does not specifically correlate with immune suppression.
D. Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis is an opportunistic infection that becomes more likely when CD4 counts fall below 200/mm³. Clients with advanced HIV are at high risk for reactivation of latent TB or new infection due to compromised cellular immunity.
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