A nurse is educating clients about breast cancer at a community health event. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the training?

Breast cancer can occur in any part of the breast, but ductal breast cancer is most common.

Breastfeeding increases the risk of breast cancer in women over 40 years of age.

Clients who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene changes have a decreased risk of breast cancer.

Clients should begin screening mammography annually by the age of 50 years old.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Breast cancer can occur in any part of the breast, but ductal breast cancer is most common. This statement is correct because the majority of breast cancers originate in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are the most common types of breast cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases.
Choice B rationale
Breastfeeding increases the risk of breast cancer in women over 40 years of age. This statement is incorrect. In fact, breastfeeding is known to reduce the risk of breast cancer. The longer a woman breastfeeds, the greater the protective effect. This is thought to be due to hormonal changes that occur during lactation, which may delay the return of menstrual periods and reduce a woman’s lifetime exposure to hormones like estrogen that can promote breast cancer cell growth.
Choice C rationale
Clients who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene changes have a decreased risk of breast cancer. This statement is incorrect. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Women with these mutations have a 45-65% chance of developing breast cancer by age 70, compared to about 12% for women in the general population. These genes normally help repair DNA damage, but when they are mutated, they can lead to the development of cancer.
Choice D rationale
Clients should begin screening mammography annually by the age of 50 years old. This statement is partially correct but not entirely accurate. The American Cancer Society recommends that women with an average risk of breast cancer should start annual mammograms at age 45 and can switch to biennial screening at age 55. However, women should have the option to start screening as early as age 40 if they choose.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Decreased temperature is not typically an immediate complication following a thoracentesis. It may indicate an infection, but this would develop over time rather than immediately after the procedure.
Choice B rationale
Serosanguineous drainage from the puncture site is expected after a thoracentesis and does not indicate a complication that requires immediate attention.
Choice C rationale
Shortness of breath is a serious complication that can indicate a pneumothorax or re- accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. This requires immediate attention and intervention by the healthcare provider.
Choice D rationale
Chest pain can be a sign of a complication such as a pneumothorax or infection. However, shortness of breath is a more immediate and severe symptom that requires urgent attention.

A. “DIC is caused by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen.”. B. “DIC is a genetic disorder involving a vitamin K deficiency.”. C. “DIC is characterized by an elevated platelet count.”. D. “DIC is controllable with lifelong heparin usage.”. .

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is caused by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen. In DIC, there is widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to the formation of small blood clots throughout the bloodstream. This process consumes clotting factors and platelets, increasing the risk of severe bleeding.
Choice B rationale
DIC is not a genetic disorder involving a vitamin K deficiency. It is typically a secondary condition resulting from other underlying issues such as sepsis, trauma, or malignancy. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders, but it is not the cause of DIC13.
Choice C rationale

DIC is characterized by a decreased platelet count, not an elevated one. The consumption of platelets and clotting factors in the formation of microthrombi leads to thrombocytopenia and an increased risk of bleeding.
Choice D rationale
DIC is not controllable with lifelong heparin usage. While heparin may be used in certain cases to manage DIC, it is not a lifelong treatment. The management of DIC focuses on treating the underlying cause and supporting the patient through the acute phase of the disorder.

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A nurse is educating clients about breast cancer at a community health event. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the training?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Increased heart rate. Discomfort at the puncture site. A nurse is monitoring a client following a thoracentesis. The nurse should identify which of the following manifestations as a complication and contact the provider immediately?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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