A nurse is educating clients about breast cancer at a community health event. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the training?
Breast cancer can occur in any part of the breast, but ductal breast cancer is most common.
Breastfeeding increases the risk of breast cancer in women over 40 years of age.
Clients who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene changes have a decreased risk of breast cancer.
Clients should begin screening mammography annually by the age of 50 years old.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Breast cancer can occur in any part of the breast, but ductal breast cancer is most common. This statement is correct because the majority of breast cancers originate in the ducts that carry milk to the nipple. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are the most common types of breast cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases.
Choice B rationale
Breastfeeding increases the risk of breast cancer in women over 40 years of age. This statement is incorrect. In fact, breastfeeding is known to reduce the risk of breast cancer. The longer a woman breastfeeds, the greater the protective effect. This is thought to be due to hormonal changes that occur during lactation, which may delay the return of menstrual periods and reduce a woman’s lifetime exposure to hormones like estrogen that can promote breast cancer cell growth.
Choice C rationale
Clients who have BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene changes have a decreased risk of breast cancer. This statement is incorrect. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Women with these mutations have a 45-65% chance of developing breast cancer by age 70, compared to about 12% for women in the general population. These genes normally help repair DNA damage, but when they are mutated, they can lead to the development of cancer.
Choice D rationale
Clients should begin screening mammography annually by the age of 50 years old. This statement is partially correct but not entirely accurate. The American Cancer Society recommends that women with an average risk of breast cancer should start annual mammograms at age 45 and can switch to biennial screening at age 55. However, women should have the option to start screening as early as age 40 if they choose.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Encouraging the client to increase fluid intake is correct. Increasing fluid intake helps to maintain hydration, which is essential for the body to function properly, especially when the client is experiencing fever and muscle aches. Hydration helps to thin mucus, making it easier to expel, and supports the immune system in fighting off infection.
Choice B rationale
Placing the client in a private room is correct. A private room helps to prevent the spread of infection to other patients and healthcare workers. This is particularly important when the client has symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue, which could indicate a contagious illness.
Choice C rationale
Placing the client on contact precautions is incorrect. Contact precautions are typically used for infections that are spread by direct contact with the patient or their environment, such as MRSA or C. difficile. The symptoms described (headache, muscle aches, fever, sore throat, and fatigue) do not necessarily indicate an infection that requires contact precautions.
Choice D rationale
Wearing a mask when caring for the client is correct. Wearing a mask helps to prevent the transmission of respiratory infections, which can be spread through droplets when the client coughs or sneezes. This is especially important when the client has symptoms such as a sore throat and fever, which could indicate a respiratory infection.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Asking appropriate questions about suctioning indicates interest and understanding but does not demonstrate the ability to perform the procedure.
Choice B rationale
Performing the procedure independently shows that the partner has the necessary skills and confidence to care for the client at home.
Choice C rationale
Attending a class about tracheostomy care is beneficial but does not demonstrate the ability to perform the procedure independently.
Choice D rationale
Verbalizing all steps in the procedure indicates knowledge but does not demonstrate the practical ability to perform the procedure.
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