A nurse is educating a client who has HIV about the infection process. Which of the following features of the virus should the nurse explain can result in opportunistic infection?

Conversion of the virus's RNA into DNA

Having reverse transcriptase enzyme

Containing only a single strand of genetic material

Ability to target and destroy CD4 lymphocytes

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. The conversion of RNA into DNA is a critical step in the HIV lifecycle, but it does not directly lead to opportunistic infections; instead, it allows the virus to integrate into the host’s genome.
B. Having reverse transcriptase enzyme is a characteristic of retroviruses like HIV that facilitates replication, but it does not cause opportunistic infections directly.
C. HIV containing a single strand of genetic material is a feature of its classification as a retrovirus but is not related to the risk of opportunistic infections.
D. The ability of HIV to target and destroy CD4 lymphocytes is the key reason for opportunistic infections. CD4 cells are crucial for the immune response, and their depletion leads to immunosuppression, making the client susceptible to infections that would not typically affect an individual with a healthy immune system.

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Correct Answer is ["D","E","F","G"]

Explanation

D. Measure lactate level: Elevated lactate levels are a strong indicator of sepsis and can help guide treatment.

E. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics: Prompt administration of antibiotics is crucial to combat the infection.

F. Rapidly administer 30 mL/kg of normal saline: Aggressive fluid resuscitation is necessary to improve blood pressure and tissue perfusion.

G. Obtain blood cultures: Blood cultures can help identify the specific organism causing the infection and guide antibiotic therapy.

Other interventions that may be considered, but not necessarily within the first hour, include:

A. Obtain a urine specimen: This can help identify a urinary tract infection as a potential source of sepsis.

B. Insert a nasogastric tube: This may be necessary if the client is unable to tolerate oral intake or requires gastric decompression.

C. Type and cross-match for 2 units of packed RBCs: This may be necessary if the client develops significant anemia or requires blood transfusion.

A. Increase the infusion rate and check the patient's sodium levels again in 2 hours B. Administer potassium supplements and continue the infusion C. Reassure the patient that the symptoms are temporary and continue monitoring D. Stop the furosemide infusion and notify the provider

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Increasing the infusion rate may exacerbate the patient's symptoms and does not address the potential toxicity from the furosemide.
B. Normal potassium levels indicate that potassium supplementation is unnecessary and does not address the dizziness and ringing in the ears, which could suggest ototoxicity from furosemide.
C. While reassurance can help, the patient's symptoms indicate a potential adverse reaction to the medication that should not be ignored.
D. Stopping the furosemide infusion and notifying the provider is the most appropriate action due to the risk of ototoxicity and the need for further evaluation of the patient's symptoms.

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A nurse is educating a client who has HIV about the infection process. Which of the following features of the virus should the nurse explain can result in opportunistic infection?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a 73-year-old client in the emergency department (ED) Exhibits It has been identified that the client is in sepsis. Select the 4 actions that the nurse should complete in the first hour to manage sepsis and prevent further complications?

Correct Answer is ["D","E","F","G"]

Explanation

A 70-year-old male receiving high-dose IV furosemide for heart failure complains of ringing in his ears and dizziness. His current labs show normal potassium and sodium levels. What is the nurse's most appropriate intervention?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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