A nurse is discussing health insurance coverage with state legislators.
Which of the following disadvantages related to health insurance should the nurse include in the discussion that is specific to clients who live in rural communities rather than urban areas?

Choice A rationale
Limited access to primary care providers is a significant disadvantage related to health insurance for clients who live in rural communities. Rural areas often have fewer healthcare providers, which can make it difficult for residents to receive the care they need. This can lead to delays in care, unmet health needs, and worsening of existing health conditions.
Choice B rationale
While the availability of managed care insurance can vary by location, this is not a disadvantage specific to rural communities. Both urban and rural areas can have limited availability of certain types of health insurance.
Choice C rationale
Financial risk that is typical of underinsured clients is not specific to rural communities. Both urban and rural residents can be underinsured, which can lead to significant out-of-pocket costs and financial strain.
Choice D rationale
Lack of government-provided health insurance is not a disadvantage specific to rural communities. Government-provided health insurance programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, are available to eligible individuals regardless of whether they live in an urban or rural area.

Choice A rationale
Chronic trauma refers to repeated exposure to traumatic events over a long period. Abuse and neglect since early childhood, as in the case of the adolescent in the question, is a clear example of chronic trauma.
Choice B rationale
Vicarious trauma occurs when an individual becomes traumatized not by directly experiencing a traumatic event, but by exposure to graphic or traumatic material as part of their work. This is not the case for the adolescent in the question.
Choice C rationale
Acute trauma results from a single, unexpected, and stressful event. This does not apply to the adolescent in the question, who has been subjected to abuse and neglect since early childhood.
Choice D rationale

Historical trauma refers to the cumulative emotional and psychological wounding of an individual or generation caused by a traumatic experience or event. This does not apply to the adolescent in the question.