A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a 12-month-old infant following cleft palate repair. Which of the following actions should the nurse include?

Grapes are a common choking hazard for young children, especially toddlers, due to their small size, round shape, and slippery texture. The size and shape of grapes can block the airway and pose a significant risk if not properly cut or prepared before being given to a toddler. It is recommended to cut grapes into small pieces or slice them lengthwise to reduce the risk of choking.

While potatoes, corn, and oranges can also pose a choking risk if not properly prepared or cut into age-appropriate sizes, they are not as commonly associated with choking incidents in toddlers as grapes are. Nonetheless, it is essential for parents and caregivers to be aware of appropriate food preparation techniques and supervise children during meals to ensure their safety.

c. Instruct the client to use abdominal breathing.

When a client is experiencing a panic atack, the nurse's first priority is to help the client manage their symptoms and provide immediate relief. Instructing the client to use abdominal breathing is the most appropriate initial intervention.

Explanation for the other options:

a. Discuss the client's feelings prior to the panic atack. While discussing the client's feelings can be beneficial in addressing the underlying causes of anxiety, it may not be the most effective immediate intervention during a panic atack. The client's focus during a panic atack is typically on managing the physical symptoms and regaining control.

b. Encourage the use of positive self-talk strategies. Positive self-talk can be helpful in managing anxiety in general, but during a panic atack, the individual may have difficulty engaging in positive self-talk due to the intensity of symptoms. Addressing the immediate physical symptoms is a priority before exploring coping strategies.

d. Administer an anti-anxiety medication. Medication administration may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the first-line intervention for managing a panic atack. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as breathing techniques, should be implemented first. If the panic atack persists or worsens despite these interventions, medication may be considered.

In summary, during a panic atack, the immediate focus should be on helping the client manage their symptoms. Instructing the client to use abdominal breathing can help promote relaxation and reduce the intensity of the panic atack.