A nurse is conducting a group therapy session for several clients. The group is laughing at a joke one of the clients told, when a client who is schizophrenic jumps up and runs out of the room yelling. "You are all making fun of me!" The nurse should identify this behavior as which of the following characteristics of schizophrenia?

Looseness of association

ideas of reference

Magical thinking

Delusions of grandeur

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Looseness of association: Looseness of association refers to a thought disorder characterized by disorganized thinking and lack of logical connections between thoughts. It typically presents as disjointed or fragmented speech patterns, rather than misinterpreting social cues or actions of others.

B. Ideas of reference: Ideas of reference are a characteristic feature of schizophrenia involving the belief that external events, objects, or actions have special significance specifically directed at oneself. In this scenario, the client's belief that others laughing at a joke is directed towards them is an example of ideas of reference.

C. Magical thinking: Magical thinking involves the belief that one's thoughts, actions, or words can influence external events or outcomes. It is often associated with superstitions and rituals. While magical thinking can occur in schizophrenia, it is not specifically demonstrated in this scenario.

D. Delusions of grandeur: Delusions of grandeur involve false beliefs of one's own importance, power, or identity. While delusions of grandeur are a symptom of schizophrenia, they are not evident in this scenario, as the client's reaction is more related to misinterpretation of social cues rather than an exaggerated sense of self-importance.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. 6 years:

By the age of 6, children typically have developed more advanced motor skills and coordination. Descending stairs by placing both feet on each step and holding onto the railing may be considered overly cautious for a 6-year-old.

B. 5 years:

At the age of 5, children may still be refining their motor skills, but they are usually capable of descending stairs using a more fluid motion, such as placing one foot on each step. Holding onto the railing for support is common but may not be as necessary as in younger children.

C. 4 years:

This is the correct answer. At the age of 4, children often descend stairs by placing both feet on each step and holding onto the railing for support. This method allows for increased stability and safety as they continue to develop balance and coordination.

D. 3 years:

While some children may start to learn how to descend stairs independently by the age of 3, they are more likely to use a one-foot-per-step method or require close supervision. Placing both feet on each step and holding onto the railing for support is less common at this age.

Therefore, option C is the most appropriate age for the described behavior, as it aligns with typical developmental milestones for stair-descending skills in children.

A. Imaginary playmates B. Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt C. Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy D. Demonstrations of sexual curiosity

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Imaginary playmates:

Toddlers typically do not engage in activities involving imaginary playmates. This behavior is more common in preschool-aged children.

B. Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt:

Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt occurs during the preschool years, typically around ages 3 to 5. It involves children developing a sense of initiative to take on new tasks and challenges, balanced with feelings of guilt if they are overly criticized or restricted.

C. Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy:

This is the correct answer. Toddlers are in Erikson's stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt. During this stage, which typically occurs between the ages of 1 and 3, toddlers strive to gain independence and autonomy. They may exhibit negative behaviors, such as temper tantrums or defiance, as they assert their independence and explore their environment.

D. Demonstrations of sexual curiosity:

Demonstrations of sexual curiosity typically emerge later in childhood, around the preschool years or later. Toddlers are not typically focused on sexual curiosity during this stage of development.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is collecting data from a child who is descending stairs by placing both feet on each step and holding on to the railing. The nurse should understand that these actions are developmentally appropriate at which of the following ages?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a toddler. The nurse should recognize that this stage is characterized by which of the following?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for an infant who has a 2-day history of vomiting and an elevated temperature. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the most reliable indicator of fluid loss?

A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse observes that a client who has depression is sitting alone in the room crying. As the nurse approaches, the client states, "I'm feeling really down and don't want to talk to anyone right now." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A parent tells a nurse that her toddler drinks a quart of milk a day and has a poor appetite for solid foods. The nurse should explain that the toddler is at risk for which of the following disorders?

A nurse is caring for a client who has anorexia nervosa and overexercises to avoid gaining weight. Which of the following nursing actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a newly admitted client who has schizophrenia and experiences frequent hallucinations and paranoid delusions. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)

A nurse is caring for a 2-month-old infant who is postoperative following repair of a cleft lip and palate. The provider prescribes restraints. The nurse should apply which of the following types of restraints for this infant?