A nurse is collecting data from a client who has pyelonephritis and receiving gentamicin via IV infusion. Which of the following manifestation should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of the treatment?

Slurred speech

Constipation

Hypotension

New onset of hearing loss

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Slurred speech:
Slurred speech is not a common adverse effect of gentamicin. It could indicate neurological issues, but it is not typically associated with gentamicin use. If this occurs, the nurse should investigate other possible causes, such as a stroke or another neurological condition, rather than attributing it to the gentamicin.

B) Constipation:
Constipation is not a typical adverse effect of gentamicin. While antibiotics can sometimes cause gastrointestinal disturbances, gentamicin is more commonly associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, rather than constipation. If constipation occurs, it is more likely related to other factors such as diet or fluid intake.

C) Hypotension:
While hypotension can be a side effect of many medications, it is not a specific or common adverse effect of gentamicin. Gentamicin is more likely to cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity rather than significant blood pressure changes. However, hypotension could occur in the context of an infection or severe illness and should be monitored, but it is not directly associated with gentamicin.

D) New onset of hearing loss:
This is a well-known adverse effect of gentamicin. Gentamicin belongs to the class of antibiotics known as aminoglycosides, which can cause ototoxicity. New onset of hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is a significant warning sign of ototoxicity, which can occur due to gentamicin use. This side effect should be monitored closely, and if hearing loss occurs, the medication should be reevaluated, and alternatives should be considered.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) "Individuals who have this disorder have a flat affect.": A flat affect, which refers to a lack of emotional expression, is more characteristic of conditions like depression or schizophrenia rather than delirium. Delirium typically involves fluctuating levels of consciousness, confusion, and altered attention, but a flat affect is not a defining feature.

B) "This disorder is characterized by a sudden onset of mental confusion.": This statement is correct. Delirium is characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms, including confusion, disorientation, and changes in cognition. The acute nature of delirium distinguishes it from other conditions like dementia, which develops gradually over time.

C) "Individuals who have this disorder speak at a slow pace.": While some individuals with delirium may speak slowly due to confusion or disorientation, this is not a defining characteristic of the disorder. Delirium can cause a variety of speech patterns, including rambling, incoherence, or even rapid speech depending on the individual’s cognitive state.

D) "This disorder is not reversible.": This statement is incorrect. Delirium is typically reversible if the underlying cause (such as infection, dehydration, or medication side effects) is identified and treated. Unlike progressive disorders like dementia, delirium can often be resolved with appropriate medical intervention.

A. "You owe it to your mother to take care of her now that she needs you." B. You should think about placing your mother in a long-term care facility." C. "Let me give you some information about respite care for your mother." D. think you should find other family members who could help your mother."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) "You owe it to your mother to take care of her now that she needs you.":
This response is not supportive and places unnecessary guilt on the son. Caregiving for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease is demanding, and expecting the son to provide care without considering his own needs is unrealistic. Guilt-tripping him may lead to burnout, as it does not acknowledge the emotional and physical strain of caregiving.
B) "You should think about placing your mother in a long-term care facility.":
While this may be a viable option for some families, this statement does not acknowledge the son’s emotional struggle or immediate need for support. Suggesting a long-term care facility may be premature without exploring other options and may cause the son to feel as though he is being pushed into a decision he is not ready to make.

C) "Let me give you some information about respite care for your mother.":
This is the most appropriate response. Respite care provides temporary relief for family caregivers, allowing them time to rest and recharge. It is a supportive approach that acknowledges the son’s exhaustion and provides him with a helpful resource. Respite care can alleviate caregiver burnout and help maintain the quality of care for the client.

D) "I think you should find other family members who could help your mother.":
While involving other family members can be helpful, this response does not provide immediate support or acknowledge the son’s current feelings of exhaustion. Suggesting that he simply find other family members may come across as dismissive of his current emotional state and may not offer the practical help he needs at this moment.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has pyelonephritis and receiving gentamicin via IV infusion. Which of the following manifestation should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of the treatment?

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