A nurse is collecting and assessing primary and secondary data in the community. Which of the following is an example of secondary data?

Choice A reason: There's no way to predict how a client will do on a medical regimen.
This statement is incorrect because the Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior (TRA/TPB) provides a framework for predicting and understanding behaviors, including adherence to medical regimens. According to this theory, behavioral intentions, influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, can predict actual behavior. Therefore, it is possible to predict how a client might adhere to a medical regimen based on these factors.

Choice B reason: There is a high chance of better outcomes with more education.
While education is important, it alone may not be sufficient to ensure better outcomes. The TRA/TPB suggests that intentions to perform a behavior are influenced by attitudes towards the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Without addressing these factors, simply providing more education may not lead to improved adherence or outcomes.

Choice C reason: There is a higher chance of complications due to poor adherence to the plan.
This statement aligns with the TRA/TPB, which posits that poor adherence to a medical regimen can lead to negative health outcomes. In the context of diabetes management, poor adherence to dietary and exercise plans can result in uncontrolled blood glucose levels, leading to complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy. The client's reported lack of motivation and non-adherence to the meal plan and exercise regimen increases the risk of such complications.

Choice D reason: The outcomes will be about the same.
This statement is incorrect because it overlooks the impact of adherence on health outcomes. According to the TRA/TPB, adherence to recommended behaviors is crucial for achieving positive health outcomes. In diabetes management, adherence to dietary and exercise plans is essential for controlling blood glucose levels and preventing complications. Therefore, outcomes are unlikely to remain the same if the client does not adhere to the recommended regimen.

Choice A Reason:
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study does not provide guidelines for the recruitment of Black and African-American research participants. Instead, it is a historical example of unethical research practices that led to significant harm and mistrust within the Black community. The study involved misleading and withholding treatment from Black men with syphilis, which has had long-lasting effects on their willingness to participate in research.

Choice B Reason:
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study did not demonstrate a correlation between coronary artery disease and syphilis. The study was focused solely on the natural progression of untreated syphilis in Black men. It did not investigate or establish any links to coronary artery disease. This choice is incorrect as it misrepresents the purpose and findings of the study.

Choice C Reason:
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study did not exclude Black men; in fact, it specifically targeted Black men for participation. The study involved 600 Black men, 399 of whom had syphilis and 201 who did not. The men were misled about the nature of the study and were not provided with adequate treatment, even after penicillin became the standard treatment for syphilis. This choice is incorrect as it inaccurately describes the study's participant selection.

Choice D Reason:
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study is indeed a source of distrust and a barrier to Black clients participating in research studies. The unethical treatment of the participants, including the lack of informed consent and the withholding of effective treatment, has led to a deep-seated mistrust of medical research within the Black community. This mistrust can make it challenging to recruit Black participants for research studies, as they may fear similar exploitation and harm.