A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has osteoporosis. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the pathophysiology of osteoporosis?
Autoimmune disorder affecting the bones
Buildup of inflammation in the joints
Increase in calcium levels in the blood
Bone loss in the cortical and cancellous bones
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A Reason: Autoimmune disorder affecting the bones
Osteoporosis is not an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders involve the immune system attacking the body’s own tissues, which is not the case with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is primarily characterized by a decrease in bone density and mass, leading to fragile bones.
Choice B Reason: Buildup of inflammation in the joints
While inflammation can affect bone health, osteoporosis is not primarily caused by inflammation in the joints. Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis involve joint inflammation, but osteoporosis involves the loss of bone density and strength, not joint inflammation.
Choice C Reason: Increase in calcium levels in the blood
An increase in calcium levels in the blood is not a characteristic of osteoporosis. In fact, osteoporosis often involves a decrease in bone calcium content, leading to weaker bones. Hypercalcemia, or high calcium levels in the blood, is associated with other conditions such as hyperparathyroidism.
Choice D Reason: Bone loss in the cortical and cancellous bones
This is the correct description of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis involves the loss of bone density in both the cortical (hard outer layer) and cancellous (spongy inner layer) bones. This loss leads to bones becoming brittle and more susceptible to fractures.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
This option suggests that the gallbladder is blocked by a tumor. While tumors can cause blockages, they are not the most common cause of gallbladder inflammation requiring a cholecystectomy. Gallstones are a more frequent cause of such issues.
Choice B Reason:
This is the correct answer. Gallstones can block the common bile duct, leading to inflammation of the gallbladder, a condition known as cholecystitis. This blockage prevents bile from flowing out of the gallbladder, causing pain and potentially leading to infection.
Choice C Reason:
While cholesterol is a component of many gallstones, the inflammation of the gallbladder is typically due to the physical blockage caused by the stones rather than the cholesterol itself. The blockage leads to bile buildup and subsequent inflammation.
Choice D Reason:
Gallbladder infections caused by viruses are extremely rare. Most gallbladder infections are bacterial and occur secondary to blockages caused by gallstones.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
This option suggests removing the mask before removing gloves. However, the correct procedure is to remove gloves first, followed by the mask, to prevent contamination from the gloves to the face.
Choice B Reason:
This is the correct answer. Medical masks should be discarded after each use to prevent contamination and ensure effectiveness. Reusing masks can lead to the spread of pathogens.
Choice C Reason:
While positioning the mask correctly is important, the statement contains an error. The flexible metal piece should be at the top of the mask, not the bottom.
Choice D Reason:
Touching the front of the mask while wearing it is incorrect as it can lead to contamination. The front of the mask is considered contaminated, and touching it can transfer pathogens to the hands.
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