A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old male client admitted to the surgical unit after having a total right knee replacement.
The nurse reviews the client's nursing note, vital signs, and medication administration record (MAR). Based on the findings, which medication is considered an anti-emetic?

Choice A rationale

Morphine has a high potential for abuse due to its euphoric effects and the risk of developing physical dependence and addiction with prolonged use.

Choice B rationale

Morphine acts as an agonist on the mu and kappa receptors in the central nervous system, providing analgesic effects by altering the perception of and response to pain.

Choice C rationale

Morphine is a potent analgesic that is more effective than butorphanol, which is a mixed agonist-antagonist with less potency and a ceiling effect on pain relief.

Choice D rationale

Morphine is primarily used for pain management and is not indicated for preventing fevers.

Choice A rationale: Administering a small test dose is not typically required before giving an antibiotic unless there is a known history of severe allergies. It is more important to identify the causative organism to ensure the appropriate antibiotic is used.

Choice B rationale: Having epinephrine available is a safety measure for potential severe allergic reactions, but it is not the most immediate priority. Ensuring the antibiotic is appropriate for the infection is crucial.

Choice C rationale: Monitoring the client's temperature and blood pressure is important, but it is not the most immediate priority before administering the antibiotic. These parameters should be monitored throughout treatment.

Choice D rationale: Obtaining a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity is the most important action before administering the antibiotic. This ensures that the correct antibiotic is prescribed based on the specific bacteria causing the infection. It helps prevent the use of ineffective antibiotics and reduces the risk of antibiotic resistance.