A nurse is caring for an 11-month-old toddler who has been hospitalized for 10 days. After the toddler's mother leaves the room, the nurse observes the toddler sitting quietly in the corner of the crib, sucking her thumb. When the nurse approaches the crib, the toddler turns away from the nurse. The nurse should understand that these behaviors indicate which of the following developmental reactions?

Developing autonomy

Regression

Resentment toward the mother

An anxiety reaction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Incorrect:

A. Developing autonomy:

Rationale: Developing autonomy typically involves a toddler's exploration of their environment and assertion of independence. While seeking comfort in familiar behaviors like thumb-sucking can be a part of autonomy development, the behavior described in the scenario is more indicative of regression, which involves returning to earlier, more infantile behaviors rather than progressing towards independence.

B. Regression:

Rationale: Regression refers to reverting to behaviors characteristic of an earlier stage of development. In this scenario, the toddler's behavior of sitting quietly in the corner of the crib and sucking her thumb, as well as turning away from the nurse, suggests a regression to earlier comforting behaviors that are typical of younger infants. This regression may be a response to the stress and anxiety of being hospitalized and separated from the mother, seeking comfort in familiar behaviors.

C. Resentment toward the mother:

Rationale: There is no evidence in the scenario to suggest resentment toward the mother. The toddler's behavior of seeking comfort in thumb-sucking and turning away from the nurse is more indicative of distress or regression in response to the hospitalization and separation from the mother rather than directed resentment toward her.

D. An anxiety reaction:

Rationale: The toddler's behavior of sitting quietly in the corner of the crib, sucking her thumb, and turning away from the nurse suggests a response to stress or anxiety rather than an anxiety reaction per se. While anxiety may be a component of the toddler's emotional state, the behavior aligns more closely with regression as a coping mechanism in response to the stressors of hospitalization and separation from the mother.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Undoing: Undoing is a defense mechanism characterized by attempting to reverse or negate a previous action or experience through symbolic acts or behaviors. This involves expressing remorse or attempting to make up for perceived wrongdoings. The student's behavior of berating the teacher and the course does not align with undoing.

B. Projection: Projection is a defense mechanism where one attributes their unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or impulses onto others. In this scenario, the student is projecting their feelings of failure onto the teacher and the course, blaming them for the failed examination instead of taking personal responsibility.

C. Regression: Regression involves reverting to earlier, more childlike behaviors or stages of development in response to stress or conflict. While the student's behavior may involve emotional distress related to the failed examination, the act of berating the teacher and the course is not indicative of regression.

D. Conversion: Conversion involves the expression of psychological stress or emotional conflict through physical symptoms or complaints without a physiological basis. The student's behavior of berating others does not fit the pattern of conversion.

A. The client drinks 2 liters of liquids daily. B. The client runs 4 miles outdoors every afternoon. C. The client eats 2 to 3 gm of sodium-containing foods daily D. The client eats foods high in tyramine

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The client drinks 2 liters of liquids daily: Adequate hydration is important when taking lithium to prevent dehydration, which can increase lithium levels. Drinking 2 liters of liquids daily is appropriate and helps maintain hydration, reducing the risk of lithium toxicity.

B. The client runs 4 miles outdoors every afternoon: Vigorous exercise and excessive sweating, such as running 4 miles outdoors daily, can lead to dehydration and increased lithium levels, thereby increasing the risk of lithium toxicity. Clients taking lithium should be advised to avoid excessive sweating and to maintain adequate hydration during exercise.

C. The client eats 2 to 3 gm of sodium-containing foods daily: Consuming sodium-containing foods helps prevent lithium toxicity by promoting lithium excretion through the kidneys. Adequate sodium intake is necessary to maintain lithium balance in the body. Eating 2 to 3 grams of sodium-containing foods daily is within the recommended range for clients taking lithium.

D. The client eats foods high in tyramine: Foods high in tyramine are associated with the risk of hypertensive crisis, particularly in clients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), not lithium. While dietary restrictions may be necessary for clients taking MAOIs, they are not relevant to lithium therapy.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse at a college campus mental health counseling center is caring for a student who just failed an examination. The student spends the session berating the teacher and the course. The nurse should recognize this behavior as which of the following defense mechanisms?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has bipolar disorder and will be discharged with a prescription for lithium. The nurse should teach the client that which of the following factors puts her at risk for lithium toxicity?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A nurse on a mental health unit is caring for clients who have various d Bryant traction. When determining that the traction is the following client diagnoses as presenting the greatest risk for suicide?

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