A nurse is caring for a client with acute pulmonary edema. Which mechanism is responsible for the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces in this condition?

Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries

Decreased capillary permeability in the lungs

Enhanced lymphatic drainage from the lungs

Elevated colloid osmotic pressure in pulmonary vessels

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Correct. Increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, often due to left ventricular failure, leads to the filtration of fluid from the capillaries into the alveoli and interstitial spaces, causing pulmonary edema.

B) Incorrect. Decreased capillary permeability is not typically a primary factor in the development of pulmonary edema.

C) Incorrect. Enhanced lymphatic drainage from the lungs is not a primary mechanism responsible for the accumulation of fluid in pulmonary edema.

D) Incorrect. Elevated colloid osmotic pressure in pulmonary vessels would oppose fluid accumulation in the alveoli and is not a primary cause of pulmonary edema.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Incorrect. A high-sodium diet is not recommended for clients with pulmonary edema, as it can exacerbate fluid retention.

B) Incorrect. Low-potassium diets are not typically recommended for clients with pulmonary edema, as potassium is important for heart and muscle function.

C) Correct. A low-sodium diet is essential to reduce fluid retention and manage pulmonary edema.

D) Incorrect. While adequate protein intake is important for overall health, it is not the primary dietary concern in pulmonary edema.

A. Hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis B. Reduced cardiac output resulting in bradycardia C. Impaired oxygen diffusion causing hypoxemia D. Elevated blood pressure and hypertension

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Incorrect. Hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis may occur in response to respiratory distress but is not the primary cause of the sensation of "suffocation."

B) Incorrect. Reduced cardiac output may be a consequence of pulmonary edema, but it does not typically result in bradycardia, nor is it the primary cause of the sensation described.

C) Correct. In pulmonary edema, fluid accumulation in the alveoli impairs oxygen diffusion, leading to hypoxemia, which contributes to the sensation of "suffocation."

D) Incorrect. Elevated blood pressure and hypertension can be associated with heart failure but are not the primary factors contributing to the sensation of "suffocation" in pulmonary edema.

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A nurse is caring for a client with acute pulmonary edema. Which mechanism is responsible for the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces in this condition?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

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