A nurse is caring for a client with a specific phobia.
Which statement by the nurse is accurate regarding phobias?

"Phobias are characterized by persistent and irrational fear.".

"Phobias can be caused by biological factors only.".

"Phobias can be diagnosed based on physical symptoms.".

"Phobias can be managed with medication alone.".

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

"Phobias are characterized by persistent and irrational fear" (Choice A) is an accurate statement. Phobias are defined by the presence of an intense and irrational fear of a specific object or situation. This fear is persistent and often leads to avoidance behaviors, which can significantly impact the individual's daily life.

Choice B rationale:

"Phobias can be caused by biological factors only" (Choice B) is an inaccurate statement. Phobias can have various causes, including both biological and psychological factors. While there may be genetic predispositions to certain phobias, psychological factors, such as traumatic experiences or learned behaviors, can also contribute to the development of phobias.

Choice C rationale:

"Phobias can be diagnosed based on physical symptoms" (Choice C) is an inaccurate statement. Phobias are typically diagnosed based on the individual's reported symptoms, such as intense fear and avoidance behaviors. There are no specific physical symptoms that directly indicate the presence of a phobia.

Choice D rationale:

"Phobias can be managed with medication alone" (Choice D) is an inaccurate statement. Medication alone is not considered the primary treatment for phobias. While medications like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or benzodiazepines may be prescribed to alleviate anxiety symptoms, the most effective treatment for phobias is psychotherapy, particularly exposure therapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy. These therapies address the root causes of the phobia and help individuals learn to manage their fear.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Reducing the client's interaction with others during the day is not the most appropriate approach in this situation. It may lead to increased social isolation and worsen the client's agitation and delusions. It does not address the client's emotional distress.

Choice B rationale:

Using distraction and therapeutic communication skills is the most suitable approach for a client with dementia who is experiencing agitation and delusional thoughts. Distraction techniques can help redirect the client's focus away from distressing thoughts, and therapeutic communication skills, such as active listening and validation, can help the client feel understood and supported.

Choice C rationale:

Awakening the client earlier for daily morning care may further disrupt the client's sleep patterns and worsen agitation. It does not address the underlying issue of delusional thoughts and the client's emotional distress.

Choice D rationale:

Clarifying reality with the client about delusional thoughts can be counterproductive in dementia care. The client's cognitive impairment may make it challenging for them to understand or accept the clarification, leading to increased frustration and agitation. It is essential to use a more empathetic and therapeutic approach.

A. Refer to the dermatologist for prescribed long-term therapy B. Wash the hair and skin daily with mild soap and warm water C. Express blackheads and follow with an exfoliating scrub D. Omit chocolate, carbonated drinks, and fried foods from the diet

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

While the other options may provide some temporary relief, acne is a complex skin condition that often requires professional medical intervention. A dermatologist can assess the severity of the acne, determine the underlying causes, and prescribe appropriate treatments tailored to the individual patient's needs. This may include medications, topical treatments, or other procedures.

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A nurse is caring for a client with a specific phobia.Which statement by the nurse is accurate regarding phobias?

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A nurse is caring for a client with a specific phobia.
Which statement by the nurse is accurate regarding phobias?