A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) about trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The client asks why he needs to take two antibiotics together.
What should the nurse say?
“The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole has a synergistic effect that inhibits bacterial growth more effectively than either drug alone.”
“The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole has an additive effect that reduces the dosage and frequency of administration of each drug.”
“The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole has an antagonistic effect that prevents the development of resistance to either drug.”
“The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole has a selective effect that targets only the bacteria causing the UTI and spares the normal flora."
Thrombocytopenia.
The Correct Answer is A
The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole has a synergistic effect that inhibits bacterial growth more effectively than either drug alone. This means that the two drugs work together to produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
Choice B is wrong because the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole does not have an additive effect that reduces the dosage and frequency of administration of each drug.
The dosage and frequency of administration are determined by the severity of the infection, the renal function of the client, and the susceptibility of the bacteria.
Choice C is wrong because the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole does not have an antagonistic effect that prevents the development of resistance to either drug.
Antagonistic effect means that one drug reduces or cancels out the effect of another drug.
The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole may still cause resistance in some bacteria.
Choice D is wrong because the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole does not have a selective effect that targets only the bacteria causing the UTI and spares the normal flora.
Selective effect means that a drug affects only certain types of cells or organisms.
The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can affect both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including some normal flora.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
You should take calcium supplements at least 2 hours before or after tetracycline.This is because calcium can interfere with the absorption of tetracycline and reduce its effectiveness.
Choice A is wrong because taking calcium supplements with food does not prevent the interaction with tetracycline.
Choice B is wrong because avoiding calcium supplements altogether is not necessary and may deprive the client of an important nutrient.
Choice C is wrong because drinking plenty of water does not prevent the interaction with tetracycline either.
Normal ranges for calcium are 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL for adults.Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is used to treat acne vulgaris and other infections.It should be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water.
Correct Answer is ["A","B"]
Explanation
Hearing loss and nephrotoxicity are possible adverse effects of vancomycin, especially when used with other drugs that can affect the kidneys or ears, such as furosemide. The nurse should monitor the client’s renal function tests, serum vancomycin levels, and hearing acuity while receiving this combination of drugs.
Choice C, red man syndrome, is a hypersensitivity reaction to vancomycin that causes flushing, itching, and rash on the face, neck, and upper body.It is not related to furosemide use and can be prevented by slowing the infusion rate of vancomycin.
Choice D, hypokalemia, is a low level of potassium in the blood that can be caused by furosemide, a loop diuretic that increases the excretion of potassium.However, vancomycin does not affect potassium levels and does not increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Choice E, thrombocytopenia, is a low level of platelets in the blood that can cause bleeding problems.
It is a rare side effect of vancomycin that occurs in less than 1% of patients.It is not related to furosemide use and does not occur more frequently with this combination of drugs.
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