A nurse is caring for a client with 45% total body surface area (TBSA) thermal burns. During the emergent, initial phases of burn shock the nurse should closely monitor for which electrolyte imbalance?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypernatremia
Hypocalcemia
The Correct Answer is A
A. Hyperkalemia: During the emergent phase, massive cell injury causes potassium to leak into the extracellular space, raising serum K+ levels.
B. Hypokalemia: More common later in the fluid resuscitation or diuretic phase.
C. Hypernatremia: Sodium is often lost into burned tissues or with fluid shifts; hyponatremia may be seen early.
D. Hypocalcemia: While possible, especially if blood products are given, hyperkalemia is more prominent early.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hyperkalemia: In AKI, the kidneys cannot excrete potassium efficiently, leading to elevated potassium levels.
B. Hypernatremia: More common in dehydration but not typically associated with prerenal AKI, where sodium may actually be low due to dilution.
C. Hypophosphatemia: Phosphate tends to increase due to impaired excretion in AKI, not decrease.
D. Hypercalcemia: Calcium levels tend to decrease in AKI due to phosphate retention and reduced vitamin D activation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Urinary output 25 mL/hr: This is below normal, but not an immediate airway threat.
B. Heart rate 122/min: Elevated HR is common in burns due to fluid shifts and stress.
C. Pain of 6 on a scale of 0 to 10: Pain is expected but not life-threatening.
D. Difficulty swallowing secretions: Indicates possible airway edema or inhalation injury, which can progress to airway obstruction. This is a medical emergency.
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