A nurse is caring for a client receiving a hemodialysis treatment. Which of the following complications should the nurse recognize when the client becomes restless and reports nausea and headache?

Acute hemolysis

Disequilibrium syndrome

Septic shock

Air embolism

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Acute hemolysis: While it is a complication of dialysis, it typically presents with back pain, dark red urine, and hypotension.

B. Disequilibrium syndrome: Caused by rapid removal of urea during dialysis, leading to cerebral edema. Early signs include nausea, headache, restlessness, and confusion.

C. Septic shock: Presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of infection. Not the most likely with nausea and headache alone.

D. Air embolism: Presents with sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and hypotension; not typically with headache and restlessness alone.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Omeprazole: Not directly nephrotoxic, but long-term use has been associated with interstitial nephritis, although rarely.

B. Ondansetron: Generally safe in renal disease and not known to cause nephrotoxicity.

C. Vancomycin: Known nephrotoxic agent, especially with high trough levels or when used with other nephrotoxins; requires dose adjustment in CKD.

D. Diphenhydramine: Not nephrotoxic; primarily affects the CNS and anticholinergic systems.

A. Ensure NPO status B. Administer diphenhydramine (Benadryl) prior to procedure. C. Obtain coagulation studies D. Verify informed consent E. Collect a urine specimen prior to procedure

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Ensure NPO status: The client is kept NPO before the biopsy to reduce the risk of aspiration if sedation is used.

B. Administer diphenhydramine (Benadryl) prior to procedure: This is not routine for kidney biopsy unless the client has allergies or specific indications.

C. Obtain coagulation studies: Important to assess for bleeding risk because kidney biopsies have a high bleeding potential.

D. Verify informed consent: This is essential before any invasive procedure.

E. Collect a urine specimen prior to procedure: A pre-procedure urine sample is collected for baseline comparison.

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A nurse is caring for a client receiving a hemodialysis treatment. Which of the following complications should the nurse recognize when the client becomes restless and reports nausea and headache?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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