A nurse is caring for a client receiving a hemodialysis treatment. Which of the following complications should the nurse recognize when the client becomes restless and reports nausea and headache?
Acute hemolysis
Disequilibrium syndrome
Septic shock
Air embolism
The Correct Answer is B
A. Acute hemolysis: While it is a complication of dialysis, it typically presents with back pain, dark red urine, and hypotension.
B. Disequilibrium syndrome: Caused by rapid removal of urea during dialysis, leading to cerebral edema. Early signs include nausea, headache, restlessness, and confusion.
C. Septic shock: Presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of infection. Not the most likely with nausea and headache alone.
D. Air embolism: Presents with sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and hypotension; not typically with headache and restlessness alone.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Acute hemolysis: While it is a complication of dialysis, it typically presents with back pain, dark red urine, and hypotension.
B. Disequilibrium syndrome: Caused by rapid removal of urea during dialysis, leading to cerebral edema. Early signs include nausea, headache, restlessness, and confusion.
C. Septic shock: Presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of infection. Not the most likely with nausea and headache alone.
D. Air embolism: Presents with sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and hypotension; not typically with headache and restlessness alone.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Metformin: When combined with contrast dye, it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis in patients with impaired kidney function; should be held before and after contrast use.
B. Atorvastatin: Though statins are metabolized hepatically, they don’t interact significantly with contrast to increase AKI risk.
C. Carvedilol: Beta-blockers do not interact with contrast dye to cause AKI.
D. Nitroglycerin: Used for angina; not associated with increased AKI risk related to contrast use.
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