A nurse is caring for a client receiving a hemodialysis treatment. Which of the following complications should the nurse recognize when the client becomes restless and reports nausea and headache?
Acute hemolysis
Disequilibrium syndrome
Septic shock
Air embolism
The Correct Answer is B
A. Acute hemolysis: While it is a complication of dialysis, it typically presents with back pain, dark red urine, and hypotension.
B. Disequilibrium syndrome: Caused by rapid removal of urea during dialysis, leading to cerebral edema. Early signs include nausea, headache, restlessness, and confusion.
C. Septic shock: Presents with hypotension, tachycardia, and signs of infection. Not the most likely with nausea and headache alone.
D. Air embolism: Presents with sudden chest pain, dyspnea, and hypotension; not typically with headache and restlessness alone.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. pH 7.49, HCO₃ 24, PaCO₂ 30: Indicates respiratory alkalosis. Not consistent with AKI, which typically causes metabolic acidosis.
B. pH 7.26, HCO₃ 14, PaCO₂ 30: Reflects metabolic acidosis, expected in AKI due to accumulation of acidic waste (low pH, low bicarb), and partial respiratory compensation (low PaCO₂).
C. pH 7.49, HCO₃ 30, PaCO₂ 40: Reflects metabolic alkalosis; not expected in AKI.
D. pH 7.26, HCO₃ 24, PaCO₂ 46: Reflects respiratory acidosis (low pH, elevated CO₂), but bicarb is normal, which does not align with AKI-induced acidosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hypomagnesemia: Magnesium levels are typically elevated in AKI due to reduced excretion.
B. Decreased creatinine level: Creatinine rises during the oliguric phase due to decreased filtration.
C. Hyperkalemia: Potassium accumulates in the blood during oliguria due to impaired excretion.
D. Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR): GFR is decreased in AKI.
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