A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood gas results: HCO3-, 18 mEq, PaCO, 28 mm Hg and pH 7.30. The nurse recognizes the client is experiencing which of the following acid base imbalances?

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Respiratory acidosis would typically involve an elevated PaCO2, which is not seen in this case.
B.   Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an elevated bicarbonate level, which is not present in this scenario.
C.   Respiratory alkalosis would present with a low PaCO2 and an elevated pH, which is not the case here.
D.   The low bicarbonate level (HCO3) 18mEq/L (normal range of 22-26 mEq/L), and low pH 7.30 (normal range of 7.35-7.45), indicate metabolic acidosis. suggesting acidemia. The PaCO2 is also low at 28 mm Hg, indicating a respiratory compensation for the metabolic acidosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation and is not used to assess the therapeutic effect of epoetin alfa.
B. The hematocrit (Hct) measures the proportion of red blood cells in the blood. Epoetin alfa stimulates the production of red blood cells, leading to an increase in hematocrit levels, indicating a therapeutic effect of the medication.
C. The leukocyte count measures the number of white blood cells in the blood and is not relevant for assessing the therapeutic effect of epoetin alfa.
D. The platelet count measures the number of platelets in the blood and is not relevant for assessing the therapeutic effect of epoetin alfa.

A. A client who has salicylate intoxication B. A client who is taking a thiazide diuretic C. A client who is vomiting D. A client who has diarrhea

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Salicylate intoxication can lead to metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of salicylic acid, which increases metabolic rate and production of organic acids.
B. Thiazide diuretics can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of hydrogen and chloride ions.
C. Vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis due to the loss of gastric acid.
D. Diarrhea can lead to metabolic acidosis due to the loss of bicarbonate-rich fluids.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood gas results: HCO3-, 18 mEq, PaCO, 28 mm Hg and pH 7.30. The nurse recognizes the client is experiencing which of the following acid base imbalances?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic renal disease and is receiving therapy with epoetin alfa. Which of the following laboratory results should the nurse review for an indication of a therapeutic effect of the medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of four clients who have an acid-base imbalance. The nurse should recognize that which of the following clients is at risk for metabolic acidosis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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