A nurse is caring for a client who has developed pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition?(Select All that Apply.)

D-dimer blood test

Complete blood count (CBC)

CT scan

Chest x-ray

Lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan)

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. D-dimer blood test - A D-dimer test measures clot breakdown products in the blood. Elevated levels suggest the presence of an abnormal blood clot, such as in PE, although it is not specific.

B. Complete blood count (CBC) - A CBC is not typically used to diagnose PE. It may be ordered to check for other conditions or as part of the overall health assessment, but it doesn't confirm PE.

C. CT scan - A CT pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing PE. It provides detailed images of the blood vessels in the lungs.

D. Chest x-ray - A chest x-ray is not diagnostic for PE. It is often performed to rule out other causes of the client’s symptoms (e.g., pneumonia, pneumothorax) but does not confirm the presence of a pulmonary embolism.

E. Lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan)
A VQ scan is another diagnostic tool for PE, especially in clients who cannot tolerate contrast dye required for CT scans. It assesses the ventilation and perfusion of the lungs and identifies mismatches suggestive of PE.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "You have had a gastrointestinal bleed.": While a GI bleed can cause anemia and fatigue, it is not a direct cause of fatigue in sickle cell anemia.

B. "You have a low ferritin level.": Low ferritin indicates iron deficiency anemia, not directly related to sickle cell anemia.

C. "You have an autoimmune disease.": Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder, not an autoimmune disease.

D. "You have fewer red blood cells." Sickle cell anemia results in a decreased number of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) because the sickled cells are fragile and prone to breaking apart. This leads to anemia, which reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen, causing fatigue and tiredness.

A. instruct the client to dig their heels into the bed to push themselves upwards. B. Assist the client with a trapeze to raise their body while staff assists with repositioning C. Have two to three staff members pull the client up in bed when needed. D. Elevate the head of the bed 90° for bedridden clients.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Instruct the client to dig their heels into the bed to push themselves upwards: This increases friction on the heels, which can lead to skin breakdown.

B. Assist the client with a trapeze to raise their body while staff assists with repositioning. Using a trapeze allows the client to lift themselves slightly off the bed, reducing the friction and shear forces that can cause skin injuries during repositioning.

C. Have two to three staff members pull the client up in bed when needed: This increases the risk of friction injuries, especially if the client is not lifted properly.

D. Elevate the head of the bed 90° for bedridden clients: High elevation of the bed can increase the risk of shear injuries due to sliding down in bed.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has developed pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition?(Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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