A nurse is caring for a client who has developed pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition?(Select All that Apply.)

D-dimer blood test

Complete blood count (CBC)

CT scan

Chest x-ray

Lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan)

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. D-dimer blood test - A D-dimer test measures clot breakdown products in the blood. Elevated levels suggest the presence of an abnormal blood clot, such as in PE, although it is not specific.

B. Complete blood count (CBC) - A CBC is not typically used to diagnose PE. It may be ordered to check for other conditions or as part of the overall health assessment, but it doesn't confirm PE.

C. CT scan - A CT pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing PE. It provides detailed images of the blood vessels in the lungs.

D. Chest x-ray - A chest x-ray is not diagnostic for PE. It is often performed to rule out other causes of the client’s symptoms (e.g., pneumonia, pneumothorax) but does not confirm the presence of a pulmonary embolism.

E. Lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan)
A VQ scan is another diagnostic tool for PE, especially in clients who cannot tolerate contrast dye required for CT scans. It assesses the ventilation and perfusion of the lungs and identifies mismatches suggestive of PE.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Electrolyte abnormalities - These are not typically a direct complication of chronic wounds unless they are associated with severe infections or extensive fluid loss, which is uncommon.

B. Altered hemoglobin A1C - While chronic wounds are common in diabetics, the wound itself does not directly alter hemoglobin A1C; this test measures long-term blood glucose control.

C. Psychological distress - Chronic wounds can lead to significant emotional and psychological stress due to prolonged treatment, appearance issues, and limitations in activities.

D. Fluid volume overload - This is not a direct complication of chronic wounds. Chronic wounds might cause fluid loss due to exudate, but not fluid overload.

A. Hemoglobin level B. Fluid intake C. Temperature D. Skin color

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hemoglobin level:While knowing the hemoglobin level helps determine the need for the transfusion, it is generally assessed and ordered by the provider before the transfusion is prescribed. It is important information but not the most immediate data required directly before administering the PRBCs.

B. Fluid intake:Monitoring fluid balance is important, especially in clients at risk for fluid overload, but it is not as immediately critical as temperature in detecting potential reactions to the transfusion.

C. Temperature:A baseline temperature is crucial to monitor for febrile reactions during the transfusion. Any significant rise in temperature can signal a transfusion reaction, which requires immediate intervention.

D. Skin color:Skin color can provide information on overall oxygenation and perfusion but is not as specific or immediately useful as temperature for monitoring for transfusion reactions.

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A nurse is caring for a client in a medical-surgical unit.

Exhibits

Complete the diagram by dragging from the choices below to specify what condition the client is most likely experiencing, two actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and two parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client's progress.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has developed pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition?(Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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