A nurse is caring for a client who has developed pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition?(Select All that Apply.)

D-dimer blood test

Complete blood count (CBC)

CT scan

Chest x-ray

Lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan)

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A. D-dimer blood test - A D-dimer test measures clot breakdown products in the blood. Elevated levels suggest the presence of an abnormal blood clot, such as in PE, although it is not specific.

B. Complete blood count (CBC) - A CBC is not typically used to diagnose PE. It may be ordered to check for other conditions or as part of the overall health assessment, but it doesn't confirm PE.

C. CT scan - A CT pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosing PE. It provides detailed images of the blood vessels in the lungs.

D. Chest x-ray - A chest x-ray is not diagnostic for PE. It is often performed to rule out other causes of the client’s symptoms (e.g., pneumonia, pneumothorax) but does not confirm the presence of a pulmonary embolism.

E. Lung ventilation and perfusion scan (VQ scan)
A VQ scan is another diagnostic tool for PE, especially in clients who cannot tolerate contrast dye required for CT scans. It assesses the ventilation and perfusion of the lungs and identifies mismatches suggestive of PE.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Notifying the provider: This is important but should be done after stopping the transfusion.

B. Stopping the transfusion. Chills and back pain during a blood transfusion can indicate a serious transfusion reaction, such as an acute hemolytic reaction. The priority action is to stop the transfusion immediately to prevent further complications

C. Covering the client with a blanket: This addresses the symptom of chills but does not address the potential life-threatening reaction.

D. Assessing the client's skin for a rash: This is part of the assessment for transfusion reactions but is not the priority compared to stopping the transfusion.

A. 2 hr after obtaining blood from the blood bank B. When the client states he is ready to start the infusion C. As soon as the nurse can prepare the client and the administration set D. when the client has finished eating lunch

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. 2 hr after obtaining blood from the blood bank. Blood should be started as soon as possible, ideally within 30 minutes to minimize the risk of bacterial growth. Waiting for 2 hours is not appropriate.

B. When the client states he is ready to start the infusion. The client’s readiness should be considered, but the timing should be based on clinical guidelines and safety protocols, not just the client’s preference.

C. As soon as the nurse can prepare the client and the administration set. Blood products should be infused as soon as possible after preparation to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and ensure efficacy.

D. When the client has finished eating lunch. The infusion timing should not be delayed for non-essential reasons like meal completion unless the client is experiencing issues that could interfere with the transfusion.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has developed pulmonary embolism (PE). Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse anticipate the provider to prescribe to confirm the client's condition?(Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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